República Bolivariana de Venezuela Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela [1] | | | Motto: Dios y Federación (Spanish)
God and Federation | Anthem: Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (Spanish)
Glory to the Brave People
| | | Capital
(and largest city) | Caracas
10°30′N, 66°58′W | | Official languages | Spanish[2] | | Demonym | Venezuelan | | Government | Presidential republic | | - | President | Hugo Chávez Frías | | Independence | | - | from Spain | July 5, 1811 | | - | from Gran Colombia | January 13, 1830 | | - | Recognized | March 30, 1845 | | Area | | - | Total | 916,445 km² (33rd)
353,841 sq mi | | - | Water (%) | 0.32[3] | | Population | | - | February 2008 estimate | 28,199,822 (40th) | | - | 2001 census | 23,054,210 | | - | Density | 30.2/km² (173rd)
77/sq mi | | GDP (PPP) | 2007 estimate | | - | Total | $335 billion (30th) | | - | Per capita | $12,800 (63th) | | Gini (2000) | 44.1 (medium) | | HDI (2007) | ▲ 0.792 (medium) (74th) | | Currency | Bolívar fuerte[4] (VEF) | | Time zone | UTC-4:30 | | Internet TLD | .ve | | Calling code | +58 | ^ The "Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela" has been the full official title since the adoption of the new Constitution of 1999, when the state was renamed in honor of Simón Bolívar
.
^ The Constitution also recognizes all indigenous languages spoken in the country.
^ Area totals include only Venezuelan-administered territory.
^ On 1 January 2008 a new bolivar, the bolívar fuerte (ISO 4217 code VEF), worth 1,000 VEB, was introduced. | Venezuela (pronounced /ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə/, Spanish pronunciation: [beneˈswela]), officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela), is a country on the northern coast of South America. Venezuela may refer to: Venezuela, a country in Latin America Venezuela (second republic), republic founded by Simón BolÃvar in 1813 Venezuela (song), a song written by Pablo Herrero and José Luis Armentero Venezuela, Cuba, municipality in Ciego de Ãvila Province, Cuba Category: ...
Image File history File links Flag_of_Venezuela_(state). ...
Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Venezuela. ...
New 8-star Flag of Venezuela Flag ratio: 2:3 New 8-star Flag of Venezuela Flag ratio: 2:3, civil/merchant variant Old 7-star Flag of Venezuela. ...
The current Coat of Arms of Venezuela was primarly approved by the Congress on April 18, 1836, undergoing small modifications through history, reaching the version described below. ...
For other uses, see Motto (disambiguation). ...
A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ...
Gloria al Bravo Pueblo (Glory to the Brave People) was adopted as Venezuelas national anthem by President Antonio Guzmán Blanco on May 25, 1881. ...
Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ...
Not to be confused with capitol. ...
The Demographics of Venezuela are the condition and overview of Venezuelas peoples. ...
Nickname: Motto: Ave MarÃa SantÃsima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ...
An official language is a language that is given a special legal status in the countries, states, and other territories. ...
A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ...
The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America. ...
A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where an executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separately from the legislature, to which it is not accountable and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ...
The President of Venezuela (Spanish: Presidente de Venezuela) is both the head of state and head of government of Venezuela. ...
Hugo Rafael Chávez FrÃas (pronounced ) (born July 28, 1954) is the current President of Venezuela. ...
is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ...
Gran Colombia Capital Bogotá Language(s) Spanish Religion Roman Catholic Government Republic History - Established December 17, 1819 - Disestablished November 19, 1831 Gran Colombia (Spanish for Greater Colombia) is a name used today for the Republic of Colombia of the period 1819-1831. ...
is the 13th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
is the 89th day of the year (90th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
This article is about the physical quantity. ...
To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here surface areas between 100,000 km² and 1,000,000 km². ...
This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by area. ...
A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ...
Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...
A percentage is a way of expressing a proportion, a ratio or a fraction as a whole number, by using 100 as the denominator. ...
Map of countries by population for the year 2007 This is a list of countries ordered according to population. ...
Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ...
Population density by country, 2006 List of countries and dependencies by population density in inhabitants/km². The list includes sovereign states and self-governing dependent territories that are recognized by the United Nations. ...
PPP of GDP for the countries of the world (2003). ...
There are three lists of countries of the world sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year). ...
Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head. ...
This article includes two lists of countries of the world[1] sorted by their gross domestic product (GDP) at purchasing power parity (PPP) per capita, the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year divided by the average population for the same year. ...
Graphical representation of the Gini coefficient The Gini coefficient is a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth distribution. ...
This page talks about Human Development Index, for other HDIs see HDI (disambiguation) World map indicating Human Development Index (2007). ...
This talks about the countries in the Human Development Index, for information on the Human Development Index, please Click Here World map indicating Human Development Index (2007) (Colour-blind compliant map) For red-green color vision problems. ...
ISO 4217 Code VEB User(s) Venezuela Inflation 16% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ...
ISO 4217 is the international standard describing three letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...
Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ...
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is a top-level domain used and reserved for a country or a dependent territory. ...
.ve is the Internet country code top-level domain ( ccTLD) for Venezuela. ...
This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164. ...
This article is about the South American independence leader. ...
Indigenous languages of the Americas (or Amerindian Languages) are spoken by indigenous peoples from the southern tip of South America to Alaska and Greenland, encompassing the land masses which constitute the Americas. ...
is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article does not cite any references or sources. ...
South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...
The country comprises a continental mainland and numerous islands located off the Venezuelan coastline in the Caribbean Sea. Currently, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela possesses borders with Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, St. Lucia, Barbados, Curaçao, Bonaire, Aruba, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and the Leeward Antilles lie just north, off the Venezuelan coast. Falling within the tropics, Venezuela sits close to the equator, in the Northern Hemisphere. Map of Central America and the Caribbean The Caribbean Sea (pronounced or ) is a tropical sea in the Western Hemisphere, part of the Atlantic Ocean, southeast of the Gulf of Mexico. ...
This article is about the country in the Caribbean; for the Catholic saint, see Saint Lucy Saint Lucia is an island nation in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. ...
For other uses, see Curaçao (disambiguation). ...
Anthem: Tera di Solo y suave biento Capital (and largest city) Kralendijk Official languages Dutch Government See Politics of the Netherlands Antilles - Bonaire Administrator - Governor of N.A. Frits Goedgedrag Constitutional monarchy part of the Netherlands Antilles Area - Total 288 km² 111 sq mi Population - 2001 census 10,791 - Density...
The Leeward Antilles are a chain of islands in the Caribbean – specifically, the southerly islands of the Lesser Antilles (and, in turn, the West Indies) along the southeastern fringe of the Caribbean Sea, just north of the Venezuelan coast of the South American mainland. ...
A noontime scene from the Philippines on a day when the Sun is almost directly overhead. ...
World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and PrÃncipe. ...
Northern hemisphere highlighted in yellow. ...
A former Spanish colony, which has been an independent republic since 1821, Venezuela holds territorial disputes with Guyana, largely concerning the Essequibo area, and with Colombia concerning the Gulf of Venezuela. In 1895, after the dispute over the Guyana border flared up, it was submitted to a neutral commission, which in 1899 decided it mostly in Guyana's favour.[1] Today, the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela is known widely for its petroleum industry, the environmental diversity of its territory, and its natural features. Venezuela is considered to be among the world's 17 most biodiverse countries.[2] This article needs cleanup. ...
Guayana Esequiba is the territory of Guyana claimed by Venezuela. ...
Satellite image of the Gulf of Venezuela The Gulf of Venezuela is a gulf of the Carribean Sea bounded by the Venezuelan states of Zulia and Falcón. ...
Petro redirects here. ...
Rainforests are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on earth Biodiversity is the variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome or for the entire Earth. ...
The Megadiverse countries are a group of countries in which less than the 10% of the global surface has more than the 70% of the biodiversity. ...
Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America;[3][4] the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north, especially in the capital Caracas which is also the largest city. Other major cities include Maracaibo, Valencia, Maracay, Barquisimeto, Ciudad Guayana and the popular tourist city of Mérida. Venezuela is also home to a diversity of wildlife in a variety of protected habitats. Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...
Nickname: Motto: Ave MarÃa SantÃsima, sin pecado concebida, en el primer instante de su ser natural. ...
Nickname: Motto: Muy noble y leal Maracaibo Municipality in Zulia State Coordinates: , Country State Municipality Maracaibo Founded 1529 Government - Mayor Gian Carlo Di Martino (MVR) Area - Total 550 km² (212. ...
City motto: (English:) City nickname: Capital industrial de Venezuela (English: Industrial capital of Venezuela) Location of Valencia Mayor Francisco Cabrera Santos (2004 – 2008) Population –Total (2001) –Density Metropolitan area 1,400,000 xxx - km² Time zone UTC –4 Latitude Longitude 10º 10´11 N 68º.59´12 W Official website...
Nickname: Motto: none Coordinates: , Country Venezuela State Aragua Counties Girardot Government - Mayor Humberto Prieto (2004 – 2008) Area - City 311. ...
Nickname: Motto: (none) Coordinates: , Country Venezuela State Lara Counties Iribarren Municipality Government - Mayor Henry Falcón (2004 – 2008) Elevation 556 m (2,198 ft) Website: alcaldiadebarquisimeto. ...
Ciudad Guayana is a city in Venezuela. ...
Funded as: Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida Motto of the city: La ciudad de los caballeros Estado Mérida Municipio Municipio Libertador Alcalde Carlos León (2004 – 2008) Surface 25 km² (aprox. ...
The fauna of Venezuela consists of a huge variety of unique animals; some 23% of reptilian and 50% of amphibian species that inhabit the country are endemic to Venezuela. ...
List of national parks of Venezuela: This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ...
Etymology
 A palafito, similar to those seen by Amerigo Vespucci. The name "Venezuela" is believed to have originated from the cartographer Amerigo Vespucci who, along with Alonso de Ojeda, led a 1499 naval expedition along the northwestern coast's Gulf of Venezuela. On reaching the Guajira Peninsula, the crew observed villages (palafitos) that the people had built over the water. This reminded Vespucci of the city of Venice (Italian: Venezia), so he named the region "Venezuola",[5] meaning "little Venice" in Italian. In Spanish, the suffix -zuela is used as a diminutive term (e.g., plaza / plazuela, cazo / cazuela); thus, the term's original sense would have been that of a "little Venice".[6] Image File history File links Palafito. ...
Image File history File links Palafito. ...
A palafito is an Amerindian stilt village or dwelling erected on bodies of water. ...
Cartography is the study of map making and cartographers are map makers. ...
Amerigo Vespucci (Américo Vespucio in Spanish) (March 8, 1454 - February 22, 1512) was an Italian merchant, explorer and cartographer. ...
Alonso de Ojeda (c. ...
Satellite image of the Gulf of Venezuela The Gulf of Venezuela is a gulf of the Carribean Sea bounded by the Venezuelan states of Zulia and Falcón. ...
Guajira is a style of Cuban acoustic music. ...
A palafito is an Amerindian stilt village or dwelling erected on bodies of water. ...
For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ...
Look up Suffix in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A diminutive is a formation of a word used to convey a slight degree of the root meaning, smallness of the object or quality named, encapsulation, intimacy, or endearment. ...
The German colonization of the Americas consisted of a failed attempt to settle Venezuela (Klein-Venedig in German) in the 16th century. ...
Martín Fernández de Enciso, a member of Vespucci and de Ojeda's crew, states in his work Summa de Geografía that the indigenous population they found were called "Veneciuela", suggesting that the name "Venezuela" may have evolved from a native word.[7] The Vespucci story, however, remains the most popular and accepted version of the origin of the country's name. In English, the word Venezuela is pronounced as IPA: /ˌvɛnɨzˈweɪlə/. The Venezuelan Spanish is IPA: [beneˈswela]. MartÃn Fernández de Enciso was a navigator and geographer who was instrumental in colonising the Isthmus of Darien. ...
The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
Venezuelan Spanish is a dialect of the Spanish language spoken in Venezuela. ...
History -
Human habitation of Venezuela is estimated to have commenced at least 15,000 years ago from which period leaf-shaped flake tools, together with chopping and plano-convex scraping implements, have been found exposed on the high riverine terraces of the Rio Pedregal in western Venezuela.[8] Late Pleistocene hunting artifacts, including spear tips, have been found at a similar series of sites in northwestern Venezuela known as "El Jobo"; according to radiocarbon dating, these date from 13,000 to 7,000 BC.[9] In the 16th century, when the Spanish colonization of Venezuela began, indigenous peoples such as the Mariches, themselves descendants of the Caribs, were systematically killed. Indian caciques (leaders) such as Guaicaipuro and Tamanaco attempted to resist Spanish incursions, but were ultimately subdued; Tamanaco himself, by order of Caracas' founder Diego de Losada, was also put to death.[10] This is the history of Venezuela. ...
Look up foliage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Flake can be: fish flake, a platform made from dried timber where fish (predominantly cod-fish) can be cured in the sun. ...
This article is about the instrument. ...
Look up chop in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up plane in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Look up convex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A scrape is another name for a nest made by ground birds, it usually describes a nest made in a shallow depression. ...
Late Pleistocene (also known as Upper Pleistocene or the Tarantian) is a stage of the Pleistocene Epoch. ...
Spears were one of the most common personal weapons from the late Bronze Age until the advent of firearms. ...
Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 (14C) to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years. ...
The Spanish colonization of the Americas was Spains conquest, settlement, and rule over much of the western hemisphere from 1492-1898. ...
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Mariche is the name of a former native Venezuelan tribe. ...
Carib family (by John Gabriel Stedman) Drawing of a Carib woman Carib, Island Carib or Kalinago people, after whom the Caribbean Sea was named, live in the Lesser Antilles islands. ...
Look up cacique in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
Minted gold coin depicting Guaicaipuro Guaicaipuro, (circa 1530 – 1568) was a native (indigenous) Venezuelan chief of both the Teques and Caracas tribes. ...
Minted Gold coin depicting Tamanaco Tamanaco, was a native Venezuelan chief, who as leader of the Mariches and Quiriquires tribes led during part of the XVI century the resistance against the Spanish conquest of Venezuelan territory in the central region of the country, specially in the Caracas valley. ...
Diego de Losada (b. ...
Venezuela was first colonized by Spain in 1522, when it hosted the Spanish Empire's first permanent South American settlement[citation needed] in what is now Cumaná. Originally part of the Viceroyalty of Peru, most of Venezuela eventually became part of the Viceroyalty of New Granada; portions of eastern Venezuela were incorporated into New Andalusia. After a series of unsuccessful uprisings, Venezuela—under the leadership of Francisco de Miranda, a Venezuelan marshal involved in the French Revolution—declared independence on 5 July 1811. This began the Venezuelan War of Independence. However, a devastating earthquake that struck Caracas in 1812, together with the rebellion of the Venezuelan llaneros, helped bring down the first Venezuelan republic.[11] A second Venezuelan republic, proclaimed on 7 August 1813, lasted several months before being crushed as well. www. ...
www. ...
MartÃn Tovar y Tovar (10 February 1827 — 17 December 1902) was one of the most important and high-profile Venezuelan painters of the 19th century. ...
It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...
An anachronous map of the overseas Spanish Empire (1492-1898) in red, and the Spanish Habsburg realms in Europe (1516-1714) in orange. ...
A traditional fishermans boat called Peñero at Mochimas National Park. ...
Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) contained most of Spanish-ruled South America until the creation of the separate viceroyalties of New Granada (now Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá and Venezuela, the last-named previously in the Viceroyalty of New Spain) in 1717 and RÃo...
The Viceroyalty of New Granada was the name given to a group of colonial provinces in northern South America, corresponding mainly to modern Colombia. ...
New Andalusia (in Spanish, Nuevo Andalucía) was a Spanish viceroyalty in the 1500s. ...
Francisco de Miranda Sebastián Francisco de Miranda RodrÃguez (commonly known as Francisco de Miranda March 28, 1750 – July 14, 1816) was a South American revolutionary whose own plan for the independence of the Spanish American colonies failed, but who is regarded as a forerunner of Simón Bol...
The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on...
By means of the signing of the Venezuelan Declaration of Independence on July 5, 1811, Venezuelans of the time took the decision, supported by several politicians, of breaking away from the Kingdom of Spain and to build a new nation to split the premises of equality between individuals, abolition of...
is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
For the US Federal Agent designation, see Special agent. ...
The Venezuelan War of Independence in 1811-1812 was Venezuelas first war for independence from Spanish colonial rule. ...
A Llanero or the Llaneros is the name given to Venezuelan and Colombia cowboys and means plainsmen. ...
The First Republic of Venezuela (Primera República de Venezuela in Spanish) was founded by Simón BolÃvar in 1811 during the Venezuelan War of Independence from Spain. ...
The Second Republic of Venezuela was founded by Simón BolÃvar on August 7, 1813 during the Venezuelan War of Independence from Spanish colonial rule. ...
is the 219th day of the year (220th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1813 (MDCCCXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
Sovereignty was only attained after Simón Bolívar, known as El Libertador ("The Liberator") and aided by Alexandre Petion of Haiti,José Antonio Páez and Antonio José de Sucre, won the Battle of Carabobo on 24 June 1821. José Prudencio Padilla and Rafael Urdaneta's victory in the Battle of Lake Maracaibo on 24 July 1823 helped seal Venezuelan independence. New Granada's congress gave Bolívar control of the Granadian army; leading it, he liberated several countries and founded Gran Colombia. Sucre, who won many battles for Bolívar, went on to liberate Ecuador, and later become the second president of Bolivia. Venezuela remained part of Gran Colombia until 1830, when a rebellion led by Páez allowed the proclamation of a new Republic of Venezuela; Páez became its first president. This article is about the South American independence leader. ...
José Antonio Páez José Antonio Páez (June 13, 1790 - May 6, 1873) was the first President of Venezuela. ...
Antonio José de Sucre (February 3, 1795 – June 4, 1830) was a South American independence leader. ...
The Battle of Carabobo was fought between South American independence fighters, led by Simón BolÃvar, and royalist forces seeking to preserve Spanishs American empire. ...
is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Year 1821 (MDCCCXXI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...
José Prudencio Padilla (19 March 1788 — 2 February 1828) was a famous military leader who fought in the Bolivars War and the South American Wars of Independence. ...
Hero of the Latin American war for independence, Rafael José Urdaneta y FarÃa was born on October 24th, 1788, in the province of Maracaibo in Venezuela from an aristocratic family of spanish descent. ...
Combatants Greater Colombia Spanish Empire Commanders José Prudencio Padilla Ãngel Laborde The Battle of Lake Maracaibo was fought on July 24, 1823 in Venezuelas Lake Maracaibo between Almirante (Admiral) José Prudencio Padilla and Royalist Captain Ãngel Laborde. ...
is the 205th day of the year (206th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...
Capital Bogotá Created December 1819 Dissolved November 1831 Demonym Colombian Departments of the Republic Greater Colombia (Gran Colombia in Spanish) is the name given to the Republic of Colombia of 1819-1830, which was a short-lived republic in South America consisting of present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama. ...
Much of Venezuela's nineteenth century history was characterized by political turmoil and dictatorial rule.[12] During first half of the 20th century, caudillos (military strongmen) continued to dominate, though they generally allowed for mild social reforms and promoted economic growth. Following the death of Juan Vicente Gómez in 1935 and the demise of caudillismo (authoritarian rule), pro-democracy movements eventually forced the military to withdraw from direct involvement in national politics in 1958. Since that year, Venezuela has had a series of democratically elected governments.[13] The discovery of massive oil deposits, totaling some 400 million barrels,[citation needed] during World War I prompted an economic boom that lasted into the 1980s; by 1935, Venezuela's per capita GDP was Latin America's highest,[14]. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
A dictator is an authoritarian, often totalitarian ruler (e. ...
Caudillo is a Spanish (caudilho in Portuguese) word usually used to designate a political-military leader at the head of an authoritative power. ...
Juan Vicente Gómez. ...
Drilling rig in a small oil field Near Sarnia, Ontario, 2001 An oil field is an area with an abundance of oil wells extracting petroleum (oil) from below ground. ...
“bbl†redirects here. ...
“The Great War †redirects here. ...
After WWII the globalization and heavy immigration from Southern Europe (mainly from Spain, Italy, Portugal) and poorer Latin American countries markedly diversified Venezuelan society. German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ...
Economic globalization has had an impact on the worldwide integration of different cultures. ...
The huge public spending and accumulation of internal and external debts by the government and private sector during the Petrodollar years of the 1970s and early 80s, followed by the collapse of oil prices during the 1980s, crippled the Venezuelan economy. As the government devalued the currency in order to face its mounting local and non-local financial obligations, Venezuelans' real standard of living fell dramatically. A number of failed economic policies and increasing corruption in government and society at large, has led to rising poverty and crime and worsening social indicators and increasing political instability,[15][opinion needs balancing] resulting in two major coup attempts in 1992. Hugo Chávez meets with fellow conspirator Francisco Arias Cárdenas prior to the February 4, 1992 coup attempt. ...
In the February 1992 coup, Hugo Chávez, a former paratrooper, attempted to overthrow the government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez as anger grew against the President's economic austerity measures. Chávez was unsuccessful and landed in jail. In November of that year, another unsuccessful coup attempt occurred, organized by other revolutionary groups in the Venezuelan Armed Forces and those that remained from Chávez’s previous attempt.[16] By 2002, the tables had turned, and Hugo Chávez, now a democratically elected president, was temporarily ousted from power by right-wing elements in the army and the business sector. The current president Hugo Chávez, who led the first unsuccessful coup in 1992, was elected as a reaction against the established political parties and the corruption and inequalities their policies created. Since coming to power, Chávez has attracted some controversy through his reforms of the Constitution, the implementation of his "Bolivarian Revolution." Hugo Rafael Chávez FrÃas (pronounced ) (born July 28, 1954) is the current President of Venezuela. ...
Carlos Andrés Pérez RodrÃguez (born October 27, 1922), best known as CAP was President of Venezuela from 1974 to 1979 and again from 1989 to 1993. ...
The Bolivarian Revolution refers to a mass social movement and political process in Venezuela. ...
Government -
 The National Assembly, Caracas The Venezuelan president is elected by a vote, with direct and universal suffrage, and functions as both head of state and head of government. The term of office is six years, and a president may be re-elected to a single consecutive term. The president appoints the vice-president and decides the size and composition of the cabinet and makes appointments to it with the involvement of the legislature. The president can ask the legislature to reconsider portions of laws he finds objectionable, but a simple parliamentary majority can diminish these objections. Current President Hugo Chávez was elected in December 1998 on a platform that called for the creation of a National Constituent Assembly in order to write a new Constitution. ...
Image File history File links National_Assembly,_Caracas,_Venezuela. ...
Image File history File links National_Assembly,_Caracas,_Venezuela. ...
List of Presidents of Venezuela José Antonio Páez (1830-1835) José María Vargas (1835-1837) Carlos Soublette (1837-1839) José Antonio Páez (1839-1843) Carlos Soublette (1843-1847) José Tadeo Monagas (1847-1851) José Gregorio Monagas (1851-1855) José Tadeo Monagas (1855-1858) Julián Castro (1858...
Elections Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: Universal suffrage (also general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to all adults, without distinction as to race, sex, belief, intelligence, or economic or social status. ...
For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ...
The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ...
This article is about the governmental body. ...
The unicameral Venezuelan parliament is the National Assembly or Asamblea Nacional. Its 167 deputies, of which three are reserved for indigenous people, serve five-year terms and may be re-elected for a maximum of two additional terms. They are elected by popular vote through a combination of party lists and single member constituencies. The highest judicial body is the Supreme Tribunal of Justice or Tribunal Supremo de Justicia, whose magistrates are elected by parliament for a single twelve-year term. The National Electoral Council (Consejo Nacional Electoral, or CNE) is in charge of electoral processes; it is formed by five main directors elected by the National Assembly. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or parliamentary chamber. ...
The House of Representatives Chamber of the Parliament of Australia in Canberra. ...
The National Assembly (Spanish Asamblea Nacional) is the current legislative branch of the Venezuelan government. ...
In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ...
The Supreme Tribunal of Justice (Spanish: Tribunal Supremo de Justicia) is the highest court of law in the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and is the head of the judicial branch. ...
The National Electoral Council (Spanish: Consejo Nacional Electoral), or CNE, is the institution in charge of all electoral processes that take place in Venezuela. ...
Politics -
There are currently two major blocs of political parties in Venezuela: the leftist United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) and its major allies Fatherland for All (PPT), and the Communist Party of Venezuela (PCV); and A New Era (UNT) together with its allied parties Project Venezuela, Justice First, Movement for Socialism (Venezuela) and others. Following the fall of Marcos Pérez Jiménez in 1958, Venezuelan politics was dominated by the center-right Christian democratic COPEI and the center-left social democratic Democratic Action (AD) parties; this two-party system was formalized by the puntofijismo arrangement. However, this system has been sidelined following the initial 1998 election of current president Hugo Chávez, which started the Bolivarian Revolution. It has been suggested that ONIDEX be merged into this article or section. ...
Political parties in Venezuela lists political parties in Venezuela. ...
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: , PSUV) is a proposed political party in Venezuela. ...
Fatherland for Everybody (Patria por Todos ) is a political party in Venezuela. ...
PCV logo Communist Party of Venezuela (in Spanish: Partido Comunista de Venezuela) a communist political party in Venezuela. ...
A New Era (Un Nuevo Tiempo) is a political party of social democracy in Venezuela. ...
The Project Venezuela (Proyecto Venezuela) is a political party in Venezuela. ...
Primero Justicia Primero Justicia ( in English: Justice First) is a new political movement in Venezuela. ...
The Movement toward Socialism (Spanish: Movimiento al Socialismo, or MAS) is a social-democratic political party in Venezuela. ...
Marcos Pérez Jiménez Marcos Pérez Jiménez (April 25, 1914 – September 20, 2001) was president of Venezuela from 1952 to 1958. ...
Christian democracy is a diverse political ideology and movement. ...
Copei - Social Christian Party of Venezuela (Copei, Partido Social Cristiano de Venezuela) is a political party in Venezuela. ...
Social democracy is a political ideology emerging in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from supporters of Marxism who believed that the transition to a socialist society could be achieved through democratic evolutionary rather than revolutionary means. ...
Democratic Action (Spanish: Acción Democrática, abbreviated as AD) is a Venezuelan social democratic political party. ...
Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A two-party system is a form of party system where two major political parties dominate voting in nearly all elections. ...
Puntofijismo was a formal arrangement arrived at between representatives of Venezuelas two formerly main political parties, which have since been marginalized due to lack of popular support. ...
A presidential election was held in the Republic of Venezuela on 6 December 1998. ...
Hugo Rafael Chávez FrÃas (pronounced ) (born July 28, 1954) is the current President of Venezuela. ...
The voting age in Venezuela is 18 and older. Voting is not compulsory.[17] Most of the political opposition boycotted the 2005 parliamentary election. Consequently, the MVR-led bloc secured all 167 seats in the National Assembly. Then, the MVR voted to dissolve itself in favor of joining the proposed United Socialist Party of Venezuela, while Chávez requested that MVR-allied parties merge themselves into it as well. The National Assembly has twice voted to grant Chávez the ability rule by decree in several broadly defined areas, once in 2000 and again in 2007. This power has been granted to previous administrations as well.[18][19][20] Compulsory voting is a practice that requires citizens to vote in elections or to attend a polling place to get their name crossed off the electoral roll. ...
Venezuela held a parliamentary election on 4 December 2005. ...
The United Socialist Party of Venezuela (Spanish: , PSUV) is a proposed political party in Venezuela. ...
Rule by decree is a style of governance allowing quick, unchallenged creation of law by a single person or group, and is used primarily by dictators and absolute monarchs. ...
Public health - See also: Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela
Infant mortality in Venezuela stood at 16 deaths per 1,000 births in 2004, much lower than the South American average (by comparison, the U.S. stands at 5 deaths per 1,000 births in 2006).[21][22][23] Child malnutrition (defined as stunting or wasting in children under age five) stands at 17%; Delta Amacuro and Amazonas have the nation's highest rates.[24] According to the United Nations, 32% of Venezuelans lack adequate sanitation, primarily those living in rural areas.[25] Diseases ranging from typhoid, yellow fever, cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis D are present in the country.[26] Only 3% of sewage is treated; most major cities lack treatment facilities.[27] 17% of Venezuelans lack access to potable water.[28] Water supply and sanitation in Venezuela is characterized by insufficient coverage and service quality, despite the countrys oil wealth. ...
is the death of infants in the first year of life. ...
Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ...
UN redirects here. ...
This is about the disease typhoid fever. ...
Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ...
Species Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious hepatitis) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatovirus hepatitis A virus. ...
“HBV†redirects here. ...
Hepatitis D is a disease caused by a small circular RNA virus (Hepatitis delta virus); this virus is replication defective and therefore cannot propagate in the absence of another virus. ...
Travelers to Venezuela are advised to obtain vaccinations for a variety of diseases including typhoid, yellow fever, cholera, hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis D.[29] In a cholera epidemic of contemporary times in the Orinoco Delta, Venezuela's political leaders were accused of racial profiling of their own indigenous people to deflect blame from the country's institutions, thereby aggravating the epidemic.[30] This is about the disease typhoid fever. ...
Distribution of cholera Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious gastroenteritis caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. ...
Species Hepatitis A virus Hepatitis A (formerly known as infectious hepatitis) is an acute infectious disease of the liver caused by the hepatovirus hepatitis A virus. ...
“HBV†redirects here. ...
Hepatitis D is a disease caused by a small circular RNA virus (Hepatitis delta virus); this virus is replication defective and therefore cannot propagate in the absence of another virus. ...
For other uses, see Orinoco (disambiguation). ...
Manifestations Slavery Racial profiling Lynching Hate speech Hate crime Genocide (examples) Ethnocide Ethnic cleansing Pogrom Race war Religious persecution Blood libel Paternalism Police brutality Movements Policies Discriminatory Race / Religion / Sex segregation Apartheid Redlining Internment Ethnocracy Anti-discriminatory Affirmative action in the United States Emancipation Civil rights Desegregation Integration Equal opportunity...
As had previous administrations, the government is attempting to create a national universal health care system that is free of charge. The current vehicle for this idea is Misión Barrio Adentro.[31] Barrio Adentro (Inside the neighborhood, or Into the neighborhood) is a government-sponsored Venezuelan program to provide free health care and dental care to poor and traditionally underserved communities. ...
Foreign relations -
Throughout most of the 20th century, Venezuela maintained friendly relations with most Latin American and Western nations. Relations between Venezuela and the United States worsened in 2002, when the U.S. government helped to instigate the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt and recognized the short-lived unconstitutional regime of Pedro Carmona. Correspondingly, ties to various leftist-led Latin American and Middle Eastern countries not allied to the U.S. have strengthened. Venezuela seeks alternative hemispheric integration via such proposals as the Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas trade proposal and the newly launched pan-Latin American television network teleSUR. Venezuela was a proponent of OAS's decision to adopt its Anti-Corruption Convention, and is actively working in the Mercosur trade bloc to push increased trade and energy integration. Globally, it seeks a "multi-polar" world based on strengthened ties among Third World countries. Venezuelas declared priorities in the international arena are: Respect for human rights; The right of all people to self-determination; Nonintervention in the internal affairs of other nations; Peaceful settlement of disputes between nations, including border disputes; The right of all people to peace and security; and Support for...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 2. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 450 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1920 × 2560 pixel, file size: 2. ...
This article is about the South American independence leader. ...
Funded as: Santiago de los Caballeros de Mérida Motto of the city: La ciudad de los caballeros Estado Mérida Municipio Municipio Libertador Alcalde Carlos León (2004 – 2008) Surface 25 km² (aprox. ...
The Venezuelan coup attempt of 2002 was a failed coup détat on April 11, 2002. ...
This page concerns the president of Venezuela for two days in 2002. ...
Latin America consists of the countries of South America and some of North America (including Central America and some the islands of the Caribbean) whose inhabitants mostly speak Romance languages, although Native American languages are also spoken. ...
The geographical western hemisphere of Earth, highlighted in yellow. ...
The Bolivarian Alternative for the Americas (Spanish: Alternativa Bolivariana para las Américas or ALBA - which also means dawn in Spanish) is a political, social and economic cooperation and complementation vision of integration between the Latin American countries, proposed by the government of Venezuela as an alternative to the Free...
A television network is a distribution network for television content whereby a central operation provides programming for many television stations. ...
For the unrelated telecommunications company in Suriname, see Telesur (Suriname). ...
Headquarters Washington, D.C. Official languages English, French, Portuguese, Spanish Membership 35 countries Leaders - Secretary General José Miguel Insulza Chile (since 26 May 2005) Establishment - Charter first signed 30 April 1948 in effect 1 December 1951 Website http://www. ...
Motto (Spanish) (Portuguese) (GuaranÃ) Our North is the South • • Pro Tempore Secretariat Montevideo, Uruguay Largest city São Paulo, Brazil Official languages 3 Portuguese Spanish Guaranà Membership 5 Argentina Brazil Paraguay Uruguay Venezuela Leaders - Carlos Ãlvarez Establishment - Declaration of Foz do Iguaçu 30 December 1985 - Treaty of Asunción...
Polarity in international relations is a description of the distribution of power within the international system. ...
For the Jamaican reggae band, see Third World (band). ...
Military - See also: Military of Venezuela
Venezuela's national armed forces include roughly 100,000 personnel spread through four service branches: the Ground Forces, the Navy (including the Marine Corps), the Air Force, and the Armed Forces of Cooperation (FAC), commonly known as the National Guard. As of 2008, a further 600,000 soldiers were incorporated into a new branch, known as the Armed Reserve; these troops bear more semblance to a militia than the older branches. The President of Venezuela is the commander-in-chief of the national armed forces. As of 2008, the National Armed Forces of Venezuela (FAN, Spanish: ) is comprised of roughly 100,000 individuals in four service branches--the Army, Navy (including the Marine Corps), Air Force, and the Armed Forces of Cooperation (FAC), commonly known as the National Guard. ...
This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...
The navy of Venezuela is categorized as a modern, medium naval force with limited oceanic capabilities. The estimated numerical strength of the Navy is of 18,300 troops, which include 7,800 marines and 500 Naval Aviation troops. ...
The UKs Royal Marines in a Rigid Raider assault watercraft A marine corps (from French corps de marine) is a branch of a nations armed forces incorporating Marines, intended to be capable of mounting amphibious assaults using infantry, armour, aircraft, and watercraft. ...
The Air Force of Venezuela, since 2006: Aviación Militar Venezolana (previously Fuerza Aérea Venezolana, FAV) is a professional armed body designed to defend Venezuelas sovereignty and airspace. ...
National Guard emblem The Venezuelan National Guard, Officially the Armed Forces of Cooperation (esp:Fuerzas Armadas de Cooperación), is one of the four components of the National Armed Forces of Venezuela. ...
Lebanese Kataeb militia The term Militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary [1] citizens to provide defense, emergency, law enforcement, or paramilitary service, and those engaged in such activity, without being paid a regular salary or committed to a fixed term of service. ...
List of Presidents of Venezuela José Antonio Páez (1830-1835) José María Vargas (1835-1837) Carlos Soublette (1837-1839) José Antonio Páez (1839-1843) Carlos Soublette (1843-1847) José Tadeo Monagas (1847-1851) José Gregorio Monagas (1851-1855) José Tadeo Monagas (1855-1858) Julián Castro (1858...
Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ...
Subdivisions -
Venezuela is divided into twenty-three states (Estados), a capital district (distrito capital) corresponding to the city of Caracas, the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales, a special territory), and Guayana Esequiba (claimed in a border dispute with Guyana). Venezuela is further subdivided into 335 municipalities (municipios); these are subdivided into over one thousand parishes (parroquias). The states are grouped into nine administrative regions. (regiones administrativas), which were established by presidential decree. Historically, Venezuela has also claimed all Guyanese territory west of the Essequibo River; this 159,500 square kilometres (61,583 sq mi) tract was dubbed Guayana Esequiba or the Zona en Reclamación (the "zone to be reclaimed").[32] Venezuela is divided into 23 states (estados), 1 Capital District (Distrito Capital) and the Federal Dependencies (Dependencias Federales de Ultramar) that consist of a large number of Venezuelan islands. ...
Venezuelas states, capital district, and federal dependencies have been grouped into administrative regions since a 1969 decree on regionalization that institutionalized a process of region development. ...
Capital District (spanish Distrito Capital) is the capital area of Venezuela which is placed on the same rank of states. ...
Guayana Esequiba is the territory of Guyana claimed by Venezuela. ...
A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly referring to a city, town, or village, or a small grouping of them. ...
A parish is a type of administrative subdivision. ...
The Essequibo River is the longest river in Guyana, and the largest river between the Orinoco and Amazon. ...
- States
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