United States dollar
$1 to $100 notes United States coins
ISO 4217 Code	USD
Official user(s)	United States
Unofficial user(s)	9 countries and territories  British Virgin Islands (U.K.)  East Timor  Ecuador  El Salvador  Marshall Islands  Federated States of Micronesia  Palau  Panama  Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.)
Inflation	2.7% (United States only)
Source	The World Factbook, 2007 est.
Pegged by	22 currencies Aruban florin Bahamian dollar Bahraini dinar Barbadian dollar Belize dollar Belarusian ruble Bermudian dollar Cayman Islands dollar Cuban convertible peso Djiboutian franc East Caribbean dollar Eritrean nakfa Hong Kong dollar (narrow band) Jordanian dinar Lebanese pound Maldivian rufiyaa Netherlands Antillean gulden Omani rial Qatari riyal Saudi riyal United Arab Emirates dirham Zimbabwe dollar
Subunit
1/10	Dime
1/100	Cent
1/1000	Mill
Symbol	$ or US$
Cent	¢ or c
Mill	₥
Nickname	Buck, green, and greenback. Also, Washingtons, Jeffersons, Lincolns, Benjamins, and Hamiltons are used based on denomination,[1] also peso in Puerto Rico.
Coins
Freq. used	1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢
Rarely used	50¢, $1
Banknotes
Freq. used	$1, $5, $10, $20
Rarely used	$2, $50, $100
Central bank	Federal Reserve Bank
Website	www.federalreserve.gov
Printer	Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Website	www.moneyfactory.gov
Mint	United States Mint
Website	www.usmint.gov

The dollar (currency code USD) is the unit of currency of the United States. The U.S. dollar has also been adopted as the official and legal currency by the governments in a few other countries. The U.S. dollar is normally abbreviated as the dollar sign, $, or as USD or US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and from others that use the $ symbol. It is divided into 100 cents. Look up USD in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A £20 Bank of England banknote. ... FRN redirects here. ... Top row: Sacagawea Dollar, Lincoln Cent, and Roosevelt Dime. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 619 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (937 × 907 pixel, file size: 612 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Includes new $5. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 668 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (878 × 788 pixel, file size: 93 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands. ... “UK” redirects here. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_East_Timor. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_El_Salvador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Micronesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palau. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Panama. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands. ... “UK” redirects here. ... A fixed exchange rate, sometimes (less commonly) called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of exchange rate regime wherein a currencys value is matched to the value of another single currency or to a basket of other currencies, or to another measure of value, such as gold. ... The Aruban florin is the official currency of Aruba. ... ISO 4217 Code BSD User(s) The Bahamas Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code BHD User(s) Bahrain Inflation 2. ... The Barbados dollar – currency symbol $ or Bds$ – is the national unit of currency of Barbados. ... ISO 4217 Code BZD User(s) Belize Inflation 3% Source The World Factbook, 2006 est. ... Belarusian ruble (ISO-code BYR, before 2000 - BYB) is the official currency of Belarus. ... The dollar (ISO 4217 code: BMD; symbol: $) has been the national currency of Bermuda since 1970. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cayman Islands dollar. ... The Cuban convertible peso (ISO 4217 code: CUC) is one of two official currencies in Cuba. ... The franc (Arabic: فرنك) is the official currency of the African nation of Djibouti. ... The East Caribbean dollar (currency code XCD) is the currency of eight members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States. ... The nakfa is the currency of Eritrea, divided into 100 cents. ... ISO 4217 Code HKD User(s) Hong Kong Inflation 2. ... The Jordanian dinar (ISO 4217 code JOD) is the official currency of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the first official one in the State of Palestine. ... The Lebanese pound (Arabic lira, French livre, ISO 4217: LBP) is the currency unit of Lebanon. ... ISO 4217 Code MVR User(s) Maldives Inflation 6% Source The World Factbook, 2005 est. ... The gulden is the unit of currency in the Netherlands Antilles. ... ISO 4217 Code OMR User(s) Oman Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code QAR User(s) Qatar Inflation 7. ... ISO 4217 Code SAR User(s) Saudi Arabia Inflation 1. ... ISO 4217 Code AED User(s) United Arab Emirates Inflation 4. ... The Zimbabwe dollar (Z$) (ISO 4217 currency code ZWD) is the legal tender currency of Zimbabwe. ... For other uses, see Dime. ... ¢ c A United States cent, or 1¢ or a penny In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of various countries basic monetary units. ... The mill or mille(â‚¥) (sometimes mil in the UK) is an abstract unit of currency. ... $ redirects here. ... ¢ c A United States cent, or 1¢ or a penny In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of various countries basic monetary units. ... The mill or mille(â‚¥) (sometimes mil in the UK) is an abstract unit of currency. ... Buck may refer to any of the following: Look up Buck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Greenback may refer to: Greenbacks, a colloquial term for the United States dollar, often used when referring to the debate of hard vs. ... The peso is a unit of currency. ... Top row: Sacagawea Dollar, Lincoln Cent, and Roosevelt Dime. ... The United States one-cent coin is a unit of currency equaling one-hundredth of a United States dollar. ... The United States five-cent coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of currency equaling one-twentieth, or five hundredths, of a United States dollar. ... For other uses, see Dime. ... A quarter is a coin worth one-quarter of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. ... The Half Dollar of the United States has been produced nearly every year since the inception of the United States Mint in 1794. ... Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. ... FRN redirects here. ... For the US one-dollar coin, see United States dollar coin. ... Obverse of the $5 bill Reverse of the $5 bill The United States five-dollar bill ($5) is a denomination of United States currency. ... Obverse of the current $10 bill, which entered circulation March 2, 2006 Reverse of the current $10 bill The United States ten-dollar bill ($10) is a denomination of United States currency. ... The United States twenty-dollar bill ($20) is a denomination of United States currency. ... Face of the Series 1995 $2 bill Back of the Series 1995 $2 bill The United States two-dollar bill ($2) is a current denomination of U.S. currency. ... 2004 Federal Reserve Note - Obverse 2004 Federal Reserve Note - Reverse The United States fifty-dollar bill ($50) is a denomination of United States currency. ... Obverse of the Series 2003A $100 bill Reverse of the Series 2003A $100 bill The United States one hundred-dollar bill ($100) is a denomination of United States currency. ... Federal Reserve Districts The United States Federal Reserve System consists of twelve Federal Reserve Banks, each responsible for a particular district, and some with branches. ... The word printer is used to describe a company that provides commercial printing services, involving typesetting, printing and book-binding. ... the bomb. ... A mint is a facility which manufactures coins for currency. ... Seal of the U.S. Mint Denver United States mint building The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ... $ redirects here. ... This article is about the type of currency, for the U.S. Dollar see United States dollar. ... ¢ c A United States cent, or 1¢ or a penny In currency, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of various countries basic monetary units. ...

Taken over by the Congress of the Confederation of the United States on July 6, 1785,^[2] the U.S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions.^[3] Several countries use the U.S. dollar as their official currency, and many others allow it to be used in a de facto capacity.^[4] In 1995, over US $380 billion were in circulation, two-thirds of which was outside the United States. By 2005, that figure had doubled to nearly $760 billion, with an estimated half to two-thirds being held overseas,^[5] representing an annual growth rate of about 7.6%. However, as of December 2006, the dollar was surpassed by the euro in terms of combined value of cash in circulation.^[6] Since then the current value of euro cash in circulation has risen to more than €695 billion, equivalent to US$1.029 trillion at current exchange rates.^[7] The Congress of the Confederation or the United States in Congress Assembled was a body of representatives appointed by the legislatures of the United States from March 1, 1781 to March 4, 1789. ... is the 187th day of the year (188th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1785 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... One thousand million (1,000,000,000) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001. ... The 2006 Asian Games are officially opened by Qatari emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al-Thani at the 50,000 seater Khalifa Sports Stadium in Doha, Qatar. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ...

Overview

Series of 1917 $1 United States Bearer Note

The U.S. dollar uses the decimal system, consisting of 100 equal cents (symbol ¢). In another division, there are 1,000 mills or ten dimes to a dollar; additionally, the term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. In the second half of the 19th century there were occasional discussions of creating a $50 gold coin, which was referred to as a "Half Union," thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies and gasoline prices. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). (Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common.) In the past, paper money was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20. Image File history File links One_US_dollar_1917. ... Image File history File links One_US_dollar_1917. ... The mill or mille(â‚¥) (sometimes mil in the UK) is an abstract unit of currency. ... Eagle: retired $10 denomination of a series of gold coins A 1908 Eagle, Graded MS62 1908 Eagle Reverse The Eagle was one of four coins issued in gold by the United States Mint. ... The Coinage Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 2, 1792, established the United States Mint and regulated coinage of the United States. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... A dime is a coin issued by the United States Mint with a denomination of one-tenth of a United States dollar, or ten cents. ... Taxes redirects here. ... Petrol redirects here. ... Top row: Sacagawea Dollar, Lincoln Cent, and Roosevelt Dime. ... FRN redirects here. ... United States Fractional Currency were made by U.S. Government during the U.S. Civil War due to the hoarding and shortage of coins all in gold, silver and copper. ... For the device in heraldry, see Double-headed eagle. ...

U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued before 1928 measured 7.42 inches (188 mm) by 3.125 inches (79.4 mm); small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure 6.14 inches (156 mm) by 2.61 inches (66 mm) by 0.0043 inches (0.11 mm). Seal of the U.S. Mint Denver United States mint building The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ... A £20 Bank of England banknote. ... the bomb. ... The Federal Reserve System is headquartered in the Eccles Building on Constitution Avenue in Washington, DC. The Federal Reserve System (also the Federal Reserve; informally The Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. ... A large-sized note is a bill of any denomination of U.S. currency printed between 1863 and 1929. ... A large-sized note is a bill of any denomination of U.S. currency printed between 1863 and 1929. ...

Etymology

The name Thaler (from German thal, or nowadays usually Tal, "valley", cognate with "dale" in English) came from the German coin Guldengroschen ("great guilder", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder), minted from the silver from a rich mine at Joachimsthal (St. Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov) in Bohemia (then part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of the Czech Republic). Examples of German and Austrian Thalers compared to a US quarter piece (bottom center) The Thaler (or Taler) was a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. ... An official restrike of the 1486 Tiroler Guldengroschen The guldengroschen was a large silver coin originally minted in Tirol in 1486. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... Jáchymov (originally Thal, later Sankt Joachimsthal in German) is a spa town in the Czech Republic, located at the St. ... For other uses, see Bohemia (disambiguation). ... This article is about the medieval empire. ...

For further history of the name, see dollar. This article is about the type of currency, for the U.S. Dollar see United States dollar. ...

Nicknames

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The colloquialism buck (much like the English "quid") is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial fur trade. Greenback is another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century Demand Note dollars created by Abraham Lincoln to finance the costs of the Civil War for the North. The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (and not to the dollars of other countries). Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Look up Colloquialism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Buck may refer to any of the following: Look up Buck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Quid has several meanings: A small, circular item similar to a dollar; for example, sand dollars Slang (British) for one Pound Sterling (£). The Irish pound was also referred to by this name. ... Greenback may refer to: Greenbacks, a colloquial term for the United States dollar, often used when referring to the debate of hard vs. ... Top row: The distinctive green ink used on the backs of Demand Notes gave rise to the term greenbacks Bottom row: Prominent design elements used on the front of $5 and $20 Demand Notes (located respectively under their denomination); pictured in the middle is the front of a $10 Demand... The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as the U.S., the Union, the North, or the Yankees; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as the Confederate States of America, the CSA, the Confederacy... Regional definitions vary from source to source. ...

Grand, sometimes shortened to simply G, is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix K (from "kilo-") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10K" being pronounced "Ten kay" to mean $10,000). Banknotes' nicknames are usually the same as their values (such as five, twenty, etc.) The $5 bill has been referred to as a "fin" or a "fiver" or a "five-spot"; the $10 bill as a "sawbuck," a "ten-spot," or a "Hamilton"; the $20 bill as a "double sawbuck," a "twomp," a "twenty-banger," or a "Jackson"; the $1 bill is sometimes called a "single," the $2 bill a "deuce" or a "Tom", and the $100 bill is nicknamed the hunsky, a "Benjamin," "Benjie," or "Frank" (after Benjamin Franklin, who is honored on the note), or a C-note (C being the Roman numeral for 100) or a Century Note. Occasionally these will be referred to as "dead presidents", although neither Hamilton ($10) nor Franklin ($100) was President. $100 notes are occasionally referred to as 'large' in banking ("twenty large" being $2,000, etc.). The newer designs are sometimes referred to as "Bigface" bills. Kilo (symbol: k) is a prefix in the SI system denoting 103 or 1,000. ... The system of Roman numerals is a numeral system originating in ancient Rome, and was adapted from Etruscan numerals. ...

In Panama, the translation of buck is palo (lit. stick); a nickname for the balboa (dollar). For example: Esto vale 20 palos ("This is worth 20 bucks"). In Puerto Rico (as well as by Puerto Ricans living in the continental U.S.), the dollar is often referred to as a "peso." Buck may refer to any of the following: Look up Buck in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Dollar sign

Main article: Dollar sign

The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). An example would be "$14", which is read as "fourteen dollars". The sign's ultimate origins are not certain, though it is widely accepted that it comes from the Spanish coat of arms, which carries the two Pillars of Hercules and the motto Non Plus Ultra in the shape of an "S". The Spanish were the first to use the dollar sign for their currency, which was later adopted in the US, and which was later replaced by the US dollar. $ redirects here. ...

A popular theory is that the dollar sign was created when a printing press accidentally printed the U and the S overlapping, and it then evolved to look like the modern day $.

History

See also: History of the United States dollar

Rare 1934 $500 Federal Reserve Note, featuring a portrait of President William McKinley.

The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint were of the same size and composition as the Spanish dollar and even after the American Revolutionary War the Spanish and U.S. silver dollars circulated side by side in the United States. The coinage of various English colonies also circulated. The lion dollar was popular in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York), but the lion dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the Seventeenth and early Eighteenth centuries. Examples circulating in the colonies were usually fairly well worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus they were sometimes referred to as "dog dollars".^[8] U.S. Federal Reserve notes (greenbacks) in the mid-1990s The history of the United States dollar covers more than 200 years. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 560 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1275 × 1365 pixel, file size: 211 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 560 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1275 × 1365 pixel, file size: 211 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the creator of this work, hereby grant the permission to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation... This article is about the 25th President of the United States; for other people named William McKinley, see William McKinley (disambiguation). ... The Spanish dollar or peso (literally, weight) is a silver coin that was minted in the Spanish Empire after a Spanish currency reform in 1497. ... This article is about military actions only. ...

Private banks issued currency backed by Spanish and U.S. silver and gold coinage, although the federal government did not do so until the American Civil War. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total...

The U.S. dollar was originally specified by the Coinage Act of 1792 to be a unit of weight (471.25 grains of troy silver (about 30.54 g of silver)) and not one of money as it is thought of today. The value of gold or silver contained in the dollar was then converted into relative value in the economy for the buying and selling of goods. This allowed the value of things to remain fairly constant over time, except for the influx and outflux of gold and silver in the nation's economy. According to an evaluation of data from the U.S. Department of Treasury, the cost of goods and services remained relatively consistent between 1635 and 1913, around a level of roughly 25 times the buying power of the U.S. dollar in 2006^{[citation needed]}. The Coinage Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 2, 1792, established the United States Mint and regulated coinage of the United States. ...

For articles on the currencies of the colonies and states, see Connecticut pound, Delaware pound, Georgia pound, Maryland pound, Massachusetts pound, New Hampshire pound, New Jersey pound, New York pound, North Carolina pound, Pennsylvania pound, Rhode Island pound, South Carolina pound and Virginia pound. The pound was the currency of Connecticut until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Delaware until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Georgia until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Maryland until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Massachusetts until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of New Hampshire until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of New Jersey until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of New York until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of North Carolina until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Pennsylvania until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Rhode Island until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of South Carolina until 1793. ... The pound was the currency of Virginia until 1793. ...

Continental currency

See also: Continental currency

Continental One Third Dollar Note (obverse)

In 1775, the United States and the individual states began issuing "Continental Currency" denominated in Spanish dollars and (for the issues of the states) the £sd currencies of the states. The dollar was valued relative to the states' currencies at the following rates: Continental Currency. ... Continental Currency 1/3-Dollar, February 17, 1776, Obverse This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Continental Currency 1/3-Dollar, February 17, 1776, Obverse This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

The continental currency suffered from printing press inflation and was replaced by the silver dollar at the rate of 1 silver dollar = 1000 continental dollars. Official language(s) none (de facto English) Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[2] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[3] Area  Ranked 48th in the US  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see New Hampshire (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Largest metro area Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N... This article is about the U.S. state. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... This article is about the state. ... Official language(s) English Demonym North Carolinian Capital Raleigh Largest city Charlotte Largest metro area Charlotte metro area Area  Ranked 28th in the US  - Total 53,865 sq mi (139,509 km²)  - Width 150 miles (340 km)  - Length 560[1] miles (900 km)  - % water 9. ... Official language(s) English Capital Columbia Largest city Columbia Largest metro area Columbia Area  Ranked 40th  - Total 34,726 sq mi (82,965 km²)  - Width 200 miles (320 km)  - Length 260 miles (420 km)  - % water 6  - Latitude 32° 2′ N to 35° 13′ N  - Longitude 78° 32′ W to 83...

Silver and gold standards

From 1792, when the Mint Act was passed, the dollar was pegged to silver and gold at 371.25 grains of silver, 24.75 grains of gold (15:1 ratio). 1834 saw a shift in the gold standard to 23.2 grains, followed by a slight adjustment to 23.22 grains in 1837 (16:1 ratio).^{[citation needed]} The Coinage Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 2, 1792, established the United States Mint and regulated coinage of the United States. ... A grain is a unit of mass equal to 0. ... For other uses, see Gold standard (disambiguation). ...

In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the Civil War. Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnect from gold and silver backing also occurred during the War of 1812. The use of paper money not backed by precious metals had occurred under the Articles of Confederation from 1777 to 1788 when paper money became referred to as "not worth a continental". This was a primary reason for the "no state shall require anything but gold and silver as tender in payment of debt" clause of the Constitution. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... This article is about the U.S.–U.K. war. ...

In 1900, the bimetallic standard was abandoned and the dollar was defined as 23.22 grains of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1969. Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ...

Gold coins were withdrawn in 1933 and the gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. Between 1968 and 1975, a variety of pegs to gold were put in place. The price was at $42.22 per ounce before January 1, 1975^{[citation needed]} saw the U.S. dollar freely float on currency markets. For other uses, see Gold standard (disambiguation). ... Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ... is the 1st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The foreign exchange (currency or forex or FX) market exists wherever one currency is traded for another. ...

According to the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, the largest note it ever printed was the $100,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934. These notes were printed from December 18, 1934 through January 9, 1935, and were issued by the Treasurer of the United States to Federal Reserve Banks only against an equal amount of gold bullion held by the Treasury. These notes were used for transactions between Federal Reserve Banks and were not circulated among the general public. is the 352nd day of the year (353rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ...

Coins

Main article: Coins of the United States dollar

Official United States coins have been produced every year from 1792 to the present. In normal circulation today, there are coins of the denominations 1¢ ([one] cent, also referred to as a penny), 5¢ (nickel), 10¢ (dime), 25¢ (quarter dollar officially, or simply quarter in common usage), 50¢ (half dollar officially, sometimes referred to as a fifty-cent piece), and $1 (dollar officially, but frequently referred to as a dollar coin). Top row: Sacagawea Dollar, Lincoln Cent, and Roosevelt Dime. ...

Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States.^[9] Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 1800s. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly-equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin featuring Sacagawea was introduced, which corrected some of the mistakes of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in gold, silver, and base metal versions. ... Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in both gold and silver versions. ... Dwight David Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969), nicknamed Ike, was a five-star General in the United States Army and U.S. politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953–1961). ... For other uses, see Susan B. Anthony (disambiguation). ... The Susan B. Anthony dollar is a United States coin minted between 1979 and 1981, and again in 1999. ... Legal tender or forced tender is payment that cannot be refused in settlement of a debt denominated in the same currency by virtue of law. ... Sacagawea (Sakakawea, Sacajawea, Sacajewea; see below) (c. ...

In February 2007, the US Mint, under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005,^[10] introduced a new $1 US Presidential dollar coin. Based on the success of the "50 State Quarters" series, the new coin features a rotating portrait of deceased presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side. The reverse side features the Statue of Liberty. To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of "E Pluribus Unum," "In God We Trust," the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the British £1 coin, is not usually associated with US coin designs. The inscription "Liberty" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a sufficient replacement. In addition, due to the nature of US coins, this will be the first time there will be circulating US coins of different denominations with the same President featured. (Lincoln/penny, Jefferson/nickel, Franklin D. Roosevelt/dime, Washington/quarter and Kennedy/half dollar.) Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only US President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms.^[11] The United States Mint is responsible for producing and circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its trade and commerce. ... The Presidential $1 Coin Program (Public Law 109-145; 119 Stat. ... Obverse of redesigned quarter The 50 State Quarters program is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... For other monuments to freedom, see Monument of Liberty. ... For details of notes and coins, see British coinage and British banknotes. ... For other monuments to freedom, see Monument of Liberty. ... For other uses, see Abraham Lincoln (disambiguation). ... The United States one-cent coin is a unit of currency equaling one-hundredth of a United States dollar. ... Thomas Jefferson (13 April 1743 N.S.–4 July 1826) was the third President of the United States (1801–09), the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776), and one of the most influential Founding Fathers for his promotion of the ideals of Republicanism in the United States. ... The United States five-cent coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of currency equaling one-twentieth, or five hundredths, of a United States dollar. ... FDR redirects here. ... For other uses, see Dime. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... A quarter is a coin worth one-quarter of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. ... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... The Half Dollar of the United States has been produced nearly every year since the inception of the United States Mint in 1794. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837–June 24, 1908), was the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. ...

Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins.^[12] Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes which have been withdrawn from circulation bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. Soda pop and snack machines A vending machine is a machine that dispenses merchandise when a customer deposits money sufficient to purchase the desired item (as opposed to a shop, where personnel is required for every purchase). ... A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ...

The United States has minted other coin denominations at various times from 1792 to 1935: half-cent, 2-cent, 3-cent, 20-cent, $2.50 (Quarter Eagle), $3.00, $5.00 (Half Eagle), $10.00 (Eagle), $20.00 (Double Eagle) and $50.00 (Half Union). Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though they are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. In addition, an experimental $4.00 (Stella)coin was also minted, but never placed into circulation and is properly considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination. 1 dollar gold pieces were also made, and are the smallest American coin ever to be made. Half dimes preceded the nickel 5 cent piece for about the first half of the 19th century.The $50 coin mentioned was only produced in 1915 for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) celebrating the opening of the Panama Canal. Only 1,128 were made, 645 of which were octagonal; this remains the only US coin that was not round as well as the largest and heaviest US coin ever. (The Susan B. Anthony dollar was round in shape; only the frame of the images on either side was decagonal.^[13]) For the CSI episode of the same name, see Precious Metal (CSI episode). ... The Palace of Fine Arts from the Exposition The Panama-Pacific International Exposition was a worlds fair held in San Francisco, California between February 20 and December 4 in 1915. ... The Panama Canal is a waterway in Central America which joins the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. ...

From 1934 to present the only denominations produced for circulation have been the familiar penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar and dollar. The nickel is the only coin still in use today that is essentially unchanged (except in its design) from its original version. Every year since 1866, the nickel has been 75% copper and 25% nickel, except for 4 years during World War II when nickel was needed for the war.

Since 1982 the United States Mint has also produced many different denominations and designs specifically for collectors and speculators. There are silver, gold and platinum bullion coins, called "American Eagles," all of which are legal tender though their use in everyday transactions is non-existent. The reason for this is that they are not intended for use in transactions and thus the face value of the coins is much lower than the worth of the precious metals in them. The American Silver Eagle bullion coin is issued only in the $1 (1 troy ounce) denomination and has been minted yearly starting in 1986. The American Gold Eagle bullion coin denominations (with gold content), minted since 1986, are: $5 (1/10 troy oz), $10 (1/4 troy oz), $25 (1/2 troy oz), and $50 (1 troy oz). The American Platinum Eagle bullion coin denominations (with platinum content), minted since 1997, are: $10 (1/10 troy oz), $25 (1/4 troy oz), $50 (1/2 troy oz), and $100 (1 troy oz). The silver coin is 99.9% silver, the gold coins are 91.67% gold (22 karat), and the platinum coins are 99.95% platinum. These coins are not available from the Mint for individuals but must be purchased from authorized dealers. In 2006 The Mint began direct sales to individuals of uncirculated bullion coins with a special finish, and bearing a "W" mintmark. The Mint also produces high quality "proof" coins intended for collectors in the same denominations and bullion content which are available to individuals. This article is about the chemical element. ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Standard atomic weight 195. ... A precious metal is a rare metallic element of high, durable economic value. ... American Eagle bullion coins are produced by the United States Mint. ... The American Silver Eagle is the official silver bullion coin of the United States. ... Troy weight is a system of units of mass customarily used for precious metals and gemstones. ... The American Gold Eagle is the official bullion gold coin of the United States. ... The American Platinum Eagle is the official platinum bullion coin of the United States. ... Carat is a measure of the purity of gold and platinum alloys. ... A beautiful example of a proof coin. ...

The largest denominations of currency currently printed or minted by the United States are the $100 bill and the $100 one troy ounce Platinum Eagle.

Banknotes

Main article: Federal Reserve Note

The United States dollar is unique in the way that there have been more than 10 types of banknotes, such as Federal Reserve Bank Note, gold certificate, and United States Note. See Obsolete U.S. currency and coinage for complete listing. The Federal Reserve Note is the only type that remains in circulation since the 1970s. FRN redirects here. ... Federal Reserve bank notes were United States currency issued by individual Federal Reserve banks. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1880 United States Notes A United States Note is a fiat paper currency that was issued directly into circulation by the United States Department of the Treasury. ... FRN redirects here. ...

Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination ceased being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ... For other uses, see President (disambiguation). ... Nixon redirects here. ... Today, the currency of the United States, the U.S. dollar, is printed in bills in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. ...

The design of the notes has been accused of being unfriendly to the visually-impaired. A U.S. District Judge ruled on November 28, 2006 that the American bills gave an undue burden to the blind and denied them "meaningful access" to the U.S. currency system. The judge has ordered the Treasury Department to begin working on a redesign within 30 days.^[14] is the 332nd day of the year (333rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Value

Consumer Price Index

US Consumer Price Index 1913-2006

Main article: United States Consumer Price Index

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... CPI-U 1913-2004; Source: U.S. Department Of Labor The U.S. Consumer Price Index is a time series measure of the price level of consumer goods and services. ...

Factors influencing the price

Borrowing costs, economic growth: The minutes to the August 8, 2006 meeting, at which the Federal Open Market Committee kept short-term interest rates unchanged for the first time in more than two years, supported the view that U.S. borrowing costs have peaked. The dollar fell on the news on August 29, 2006, and has continued lower August 30, 2006, largely ignoring news the U.S. government has revised its estimate of second-quarter economic growth 2006 up to 2.9% from the initial 2.5%.^[15] is the 220th day of the year (221st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC), a component of the Federal Reserve System, is charged under U.S. law with overseeing open market operations in the United States, and is the principal tool of US national monetary policy. ... is the 241st day of the year (242nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 242nd day of the year (243rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... United States Government redirects here. ...

Time-relative value

The following table shows the equivalent amount of goods, in a particular year, that could be purchased with $1.^[16]

The value of $1 over time, in 1776 dollars.^[17]

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 547 pixelsFull resolution (911 × 623 pixel, file size: 6 KB, MIME type: image/gif) Excel chart I made with Data from http://www. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 547 pixelsFull resolution (911 × 623 pixel, file size: 6 KB, MIME type: image/gif) Excel chart I made with Data from http://www. ...

International use

Worldwide use of the U.S. dollar and the euro:      United States      External adopters of the US dollar      Currencies pegged to the US dollar      Currencies pegged to the US dollar w/ narrow band      Eurozone      External adopters of the euro      Currencies pegged to the euro      Currencies pegged to the euro w/ narrow band

The dollar is also used as the standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum (the latter sometimes called petrocu