NationMaster - Encyclopedia: New York City

New York; or New York City (officially The City of New York) is an alpha world city in the state of New York. It is the most populous city in the United States, the center of the New York metropolitan area, and ranks among the largest urban areas in the world. For more than a century, it has been one of the world's leading business, financial and cultural centers and its influence in politics, education, entertainment, sports, media, fashion and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities. As the home of the United Nations, the city is a hub for international diplomacy. Residents of the city are known as New Yorkers. New York, New York may mean New York City New York, New York (film), a 1977 film directed by Martin Scorsese. ... NYC may mean: IATA code for the New York City-area airports: John F. Kennedy International Airport LaGuardia Airport Newark Liberty International Airport New York City, common abbreviation New York Central Railroad, Association of American Railroads (AAR) reporting mark NYC is one of the songs from the musical Annie NYD... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_York_City. ... The official Flag of the City of New York is designed to bear the same colors (orange, white, and blue) as the flag of the United Netherlands used in 1625, the year of the first permanent European settlement on the island of Manhattan. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The seal of the City of New York, adopted in an earlier form in 1686, bears the legend SIGILUM CIVITATIS NOVI EBORACUM which means simply The Seal of the City of New York: Eboracum was the Roman name for York, the titular seat of James II as Duke of York. ... // A nickname is a name of a person or thing other than its proper name. ... The Big Apple is a nickname or alternate toponym for New York City used by New Yorkers. ... Image File history File links Map_of_New_York_Highlighting_New_York_City. ... This article is about the state. ... This list of countries, arranged alphabetically, gives an overview of countries of the world. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the state. ... The Five Boroughs redirects here. ... For other uses, see The Bronx (disambiguation). ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Queens (disambiguation) and Queen. ... This article is about the borough in New York City. ... This article is about the settlement in present-day New York City. ... For a list of the Dutch Director-Generals who governed New Amsterdam (as New York City was called when it was a Dutch-run settlement) between 1624 and 1664, see: Director-General of New Netherland. ... Michael Rubens Bloomberg (born 14 February 1942) is an American businessman, philanthropist, and the founder of Bloomberg L.P., currently serving as the Mayor of New York City. ... Not to be confused with Independent Party or Independence Party. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (â‰ˆ1,609 m) in length. ... To help compare orders of magnitude of different geographical regions, we list here areas between 1,000 kmÂ² and 10,000 kmÂ². See also areas of other orders of magnitude. ... Elevation histogram of the surface of the Earth â€“ approximately 71% of the Earths surface is covered with water. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, â€² â€“ a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... This is a list of the most populous cities of the world defined according to the concept of city proper. ... Population density per square kilometre by country, 2006 Population density map of the world in 1994. ... Cities with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 An urban area is an area with an increased density of human-created structures in comparison to the areas surrounding it. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Timezone and TimeZone redirect here. ... â€œEastern Daylight Timeâ€ redirects here. ... -12 | -11 | -10 | -9:30 | -9 | -8 | -7 | -6 | -5 | -4 | -3:30 | -3 | -2:30 | -2 | -1 | -0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... Though DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... â€œEastern Daylight Timeâ€ redirects here. ... âˆ’12 | âˆ’11 | âˆ’10 | âˆ’9:30 | âˆ’9 | âˆ’8 | âˆ’7 | âˆ’6 | âˆ’5 | âˆ’4 | âˆ’3:30 | âˆ’3 | âˆ’2:30 | âˆ’2 | âˆ’1 | âˆ’0:25 | UTC (0) | +0:20 | +0:30 | +1 | +2 | +3 | +3:30 | +4 | +4:30 | +4:51 | +5 | +5:30 | +5:40 | +5:45 | +6 | +6:30 | +7 | +7:20 | +7... â€œWorld cityâ€ redirects here. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... This article is about the state. ... Ten most populous cities in the United States Los Angeles San Jose San Diego Phoenix Chicago New York City Houston San Antonio Dallas Philadelphia The following is a list of the most populous incorporated places in the United States. ... The New York metropolitan area is the most populous in the United States and the fourth most populous in the world (after Tokyo, Seoul, and Mexico City). ... Metropolitan areas with at least a million inhabitants in 2006 This is a list of the 100 largest urban agglomerations in the world according to the United Nations World Urbanization Prospects report (2005 revision). ... For other uses, see Politics (disambiguation). ... A stilt-walker entertaining shoppers at a shopping centre in Swindon, England Entertainment is an event, performance, or activity designed to give pleasure or relaxation to an audience (although, for example, in the case of a computer game the audience may be only one person). ... For other uses, see Fashion (disambiguation). ... UN and U.N. redirect here. ...

New York City comprises five boroughs, each of which is coterminous with a county: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island. With over 8.2 million residents within an area of 322 square miles (830 km²), New York City is the second most densely populated city in the United States, behind its satellite city, Union City, New Jersey.^[3] ^[4] The Five Boroughs redirects here. ... For other uses, see The Bronx (disambiguation). ... This article is about the borough of New York City. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Queens (disambiguation) and Queen. ... This article is about the borough in New York City. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with satellite city. ... Spectators viewing the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks from across the Hudson River, in the terrace courtyard of the Union City Boxing Club. ...

The city has many neighborhoods and landmarks known around the world. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, at Ellis Island. Wall Street, in Lower Manhattan, has been a dominant global financial center since World War II and is home to the New York Stock Exchange. The city has been home to several of the tallest buildings in the world, including the Empire State Building and the former twin towers of the World Trade Center, which were destroyed in the September 11, 2001 attacks. For other monuments to freedom, see Monument of Liberty. ... 2000 Census Population Ancestry Map Immigration to the United States of America is the movement of non-residents to the United States, and has been a major source of population growth and cultural change throughout much of the American history even though the foreign born have never been more than... Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor, was at one time the main entry facility for immigrants entering the United States from January 1, 1892 until November 12, 1954. ... Elaborate marble facade of NYSE as seen from the intersection of Broad and Wall Streets For other uses, see Wall Street (disambiguation). ... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan, from the Brooklyn Bridge, 2005 Rigid airship the USS Akron over Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), nicknamed the Big Board, is a New York City-based stock exchange. ... For other uses, see Skyscraper (disambiguation). ... The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in New York City, New York on the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly...

The city is the birthplace of many American cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art, abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting, and hip hop^[5], punk^[6] and Tin Pan Alley in music. In 2005, nearly 170 languages were spoken in the city and 36 percent of its population was born outside the United States.^[7]^[8] New York is often called the "Big Apple," since it's the largest "bite of the apple" that performers as well as professionals in the United States seek to claim ("bite of the apple" is colloquial American English for "opportunity"). New York is also known as "The City that Never Sleeps," not least because its subway system operates around the clock and because many neighborhoods are busy at all hours. This nickname was popularized by Liza Minnelli's song "New York, New York", famously covered by Frank Sinatra. The Harlem Renaissance (also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and New Negro Renaissance) refers to the blooming of African American cultural and intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s. ... Jackson Pollock, No. ... The New York School (synonymous with abstract expressionist painting) was an informal group of American poets, painters, dancers, and musicians active in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s in New York City. ... Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ... Punk rock is an anti-establishment music movement beginning around 1976 (although precursors can be found several years earlier), exemplified and popularised by The Ramones, the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned. ... Tin Pan Alley is the name given to the collection of New York City-centered music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. ... Liza Minnelli (born March 12, 1946 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actress and singer. ... Theme from New York, New York (or just New York, New York) is the theme song from the 1977 Martin Scorsese film New York, New York. ... â€œSinatraâ€ redirects here. ...

History

Main article: History of New York City

Lower Manhattan in 1660, when it was part of New Amsterdam. North is to the right.

Mulberry Street, on the Lower East Side, circa 1900.

Midtown Manhattan, New York City, from Rockefeller Center, 1932.

The iconic view of New York City showing many of its major landmarks, including the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, Empire State Building, and World Trade Center, July 2001.

The region was inhabited by about 5,000 Lenape Native Americans at the time of its European discovery in 1524^{[citation needed]} by Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown, who called it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême).^[9] European settlement began with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later called "Nieuw Amsterdam" (New Amsterdam), on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614. Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from the Lenape in 1626 (legend, now disproved, says that Manhattan was purchased for $24 worth of glass beads).^[10] In 1664, the English conquered the city and renamed it "New York" after the English Duke of York and Albany.^[11] At the end of the Second Anglo-Dutch War the Dutch gained control of Run (a much more valuable asset at the time) in exchange for the English controlling New Amsterdam (New York) in North America. By 1700, the Lenape population was diminished to 200.^[12] This article traces the history of New York City, New York. ... Image File history File links Castelloplan. ... Image File history File links Castelloplan. ... This article is about the settlement in present-day New York City. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 591 pixelsFull resolution (2800 Ã— 2067 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 591 pixelsFull resolution (2800 Ã— 2067 pixel, file size: 1. ... L.E.S. redirects here. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 534 pixelsFull resolution (2451 Ã— 1635 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 534 pixelsFull resolution (2451 Ã— 1635 pixel, file size: 1. ... Midtown Manhattan viewed from the World Trade Center. ... Lower Plaza at Rockefeller Center. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 530 pixelsFull resolution (1545 Ã— 1024 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 530 pixelsFull resolution (1545 Ã— 1024 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other monuments to freedom, see Monument of Liberty. ... Ellis Island, at the mouth of the Hudson River in New York Harbor, was at one time the main entry facility for immigrants entering the United States from January 1, 1892 until November 12, 1954. ... The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in New York City, New York on the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... For the language, see Lenape language. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... New AngoulÃªme (French: Nouvelle-AngoulÃªme) was the name given to New York City in 1524 by Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano after Francis I of France, King of France and Count of AngoulÃªme. ... An Alberta fur trader in the 1890s. ... This article is about the settlement in present-day New York City. ... Peter Minuit Peter Minuit == Life and work == Minuits Walloon family, originally from the city of Tournai, was one of many Protestant families that fled persecution from the Roman Catholic government of the Spanish Netherlands (present-day Belgium), and found refuge in the Dutch Republic and Protestant parts of the... James II (14 October 1633 â€“ 16 September 1701)[1] became King of England, King of Scots,[2] and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685. ... The Second Anglo-Dutch War was fought between England and the United Provinces from 4 March 1665 until 31 July 1667. ... Run is one of the smallest islands of the Banda Islands which are a part of Indonesia. ...

New York City grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by King George II as King's College in Lower Manhattan.^[13] The city emerged as the theater for a series of major battles known as the New York Campaign during the American Revolutionary War. The Continental Congress met in New York City and in 1789 the first President of the United States, George Washington, was inaugurated at Federal Hall on Wall Street.^[14] New York City was the capital of the United States until 1790. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ... Alma Mater Columbia University in the City of New York is a private university in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 â€“ 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-LÃ¼neburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Combatants United States Great Britain Commanders George Washington, Charles Lee Sir William Howe, Lord Cornwallis Strength 19,000 regulars and militia 25,000 soldiers, 10,000 seamen The New York and New Jersey campaign was a series of engagements in the American Revolutionary War between forces led by General Sir... This article is about military actions only. ... The Continental Congress was the first national government of the United States. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas US Government Portal For other uses, see President of the United States (disambiguation). ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 â€“ December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775â€“1783), and in 1789 was elected the first President of the United States of America. ... Federal Hall, once located at 26 Wall Street in New York City, was the first capitol of the United States. ...

In the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration and development. A visionary development proposal, the Commissioners' Plan of 1811, expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the 1819 opening of the Erie Canal connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the North American interior.^[15] By 1835, New York City had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. Local politics fell under the domination of Tammany Hall, a political machine supported by Irish immigrants.^[16] Public-minded members of the old merchant aristocracy lobbied for the establishment of Central Park, which became the first landscaped park in an American city in 1857. A significant free-black population also existed in Manhattan, as well as in Brooklyn. Slaves had been held in New York through 1827, but during the 1830s New York became the center of interracial abolitionist activism in the North. An 1807 version of the Commissioners Grid plan for Manhattan, a few years before it was adopted in 1811. ... The Erie Canal (currently part of the New York State Canal System) is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean. ... For other uses, see Philadelphia (disambiguation) and Philly. ... Tammany Hall was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. ... In this 1899 cartoon from Puck, all of New York City politics revolves around boss Richard Croker A political machine is an unofficial system of a political organization based on patronage, the spoils system, behind-the-scenes control, and longstanding political ties within the structure of a representative democracy. ... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres, 3. ...

Anger at military conscription during the American Civil War (1861–1865) led to the Draft Riots of 1863, one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history.^[17] In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan and municipalities in the other boroughs.^[18] The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904 helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. However, this development did not come without a price. In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards.^[19] Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... The New York Draft Riots (July 13 to July 16, 1863; known at the time as Draft Week[1]) were a series of violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of discontent with new laws passed by Congress to draft men to fight in the ongoing American... Times Squareâ€“42nd Street station entrance The New York City Subway is a rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority , an affiliate of the Metropolitan Transportation Authority and also known as MTA New York City Transit. ... Wreckage of the General Slocum The General Slocum was a steamship launched in 1891. ... The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, was the largest industrial disaster in the history of the city of New York, causing the death of 146 garment workers who either died in the fire or jumped to their deaths. ... The International Ladies Garment Workers Union was once one of the largest labor unions in the United States, one of the first U.S. unions to have a primarily female membership, and a key player in the labor history of the 1920s and 1930s. ...

In the 1920s, New York City was a major destination for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South. By 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance flourished during the era of Prohibition, coincident with a larger economic boom that saw the skyline develop with the construction of competing skyscrapers. New York City became the most populous city in the world in 1948, overtaking London, which had reigned for over a century. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello LaGuardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance.^[20] An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ... The states in blue had the ten largest net gains of African-Americans during the Great Migration, while the states in red had the ten largest net losses[1]. The Great Migration was the movement of over 1 million[1] African Americans out of the rural Southern United States from... The Harlem Renaissance (also known as the Black Literary Renaissance and New Negro Renaissance) refers to the blooming of African American cultural and intellectual life during the 1920s and 1930s. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Skyscraper (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see The Great Depression (disambiguation). ... LaGuardia redirects here. ... Tammany Hall was the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in controlling New York City politics from the 1790s to the 1960s. ...

Returning World War II veterans and immigrants from Europe created a postwar economic boom and the development of huge housing tracts in eastern Queens. New York emerged from the war unscathed and the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading America's ascendance as the world's dominant economic power, the United Nations headquarters (built in 1952) emphasizing New York's political influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitating New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world.^[21] In the 1960s, New York suffered from economic problems, rising crime rates and racial tension, which reached a peak in the 1970s. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Immigration is the movement of people from one place to another. ... Jackson Pollock, No. ...

In the 1980s, a resurgence in the financial industry improved the city's fiscal health. By the 1990s, racial tensions had calmed, crime rates dropped dramatically, and waves of new immigrants arrived from Asia and Latin America. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley, emerged in the city's economy and New York's population reached an all-time high in the 2000 census. Silicon Alley is a nickname for an area with a large concentration of Internet and new media companies in Manhattan, New York City. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ...

The city was one of the sites of the September 11, 2001 attacks, when nearly 3,000 people died in the destruction of the World Trade Center. The Freedom Tower will be built on the site and is scheduled for completion in 2012.^[22] A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11â€”pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... For the building in Miami, Florida of the same name, see Freedom Tower (Miami). ...

Geography

Main articles: Geography of New York City and Geography of New York Harbor

Satellite image showing most of the five boroughs, portions of eastern New Jersey, and the main waterways around New York harbor.

New York City is located in the Northeastern United States, in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston.^[23] The location at the mouth of the Hudson River, which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean, has helped the city grow in significance as a trading city. Much of New York is built on the three islands of Manhattan, Staten Island, and Long Island, making land scarce and encouraging a high population density. Satellite image showing most of the five boroughs, portions of eastern New Jersey, and the main waterways around New York harbor. ... New York Harbor waterways (numbered): 1. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1964x2607, 3389 KB) Summary This false-color satellite image shows Greater New York City. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1964x2607, 3389 KB) Summary This false-color satellite image shows Greater New York City. ... Regional definitions vary The Northeastern United States is a region of the United States. ... This article is about the state. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... â€œBostonâ€ redirects here. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and...

Across the Hudson River from Hoboken Terminal in New Jersey is Lower Manhattan.

The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay. Between New York City and Troy, New York, the river is an estuary.^[24] The Hudson separates the city from New Jersey. The East River, actually a tidal strait, flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River, another tidal strait between the East and Hudson Rivers, separates Manhattan from the Bronx. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (3264 Ã— 2176 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 533 pixelsFull resolution (3264 Ã— 2176 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami, Muhheakantuck, is a river that runs through the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus, demarcates the border between the states of New York and... Categories: Rail stubs | Transportation in New Jersey ... â€œNJâ€ redirects here. ... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan, from the Brooklyn Bridge, 2005 Rigid airship the USS Akron over Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... For the magazine, see Hudson Valley (magazine). ... New York Bay is the collective term for the marine areas surrounding the entrance of the Hudson River into the Atlantic Ocean. ... Looking west down Broadway at downtown Troy. ... For other meanings, see Estuary (disambiguation) Rio de la Plata estuary An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea. ... â€œNJâ€ redirects here. ... New York City waterways: 1. ... New York City waterways: 1. ... The Harlem River, shown in red, between the Bronx and Manhattan in New York City The Harlem River is a tidal strait in New York City, USA that flows 8 miles (13 km) between the East River and the Hudson River, separating the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx. ...

The city's land has been altered considerably by human intervention, with substantial land reclamation along the waterfronts since Dutch colonial times. Reclamation is most notable in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s.^[25] Some of the natural variations in topography have been evened out, particularly in Manhattan.^[26] Land reclamation is either of two distinct practices. ... Woolworth Building, looking south along Broadway Lower Manhattan, from the Brooklyn Bridge, 2005 Rigid airship the USS Akron over Lower Manhattan Lower Manhattan is the southernmost part of the island of Manhattan, the main island and center of business and government of the City of New York. ... The promenade of Battery Park City. ...

The city's land area is 322 sq mi (831.4 km²).^[27] The highest point in the city is Todt Hill on Staten Island, which at 409.8 ft (124.9 m) above sea level is the highest point on the Eastern Seaboard south of Maine.^[28] The summit of the ridge is largely covered in woodlands as part of the Staten Island Greenbelt.^[29] Todt Hill (elevation 410 ft) is a small mountain ridge on Staten Island, New York. ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area Ranked 39th - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (338 km) - Length 320 miles (515 km) - % water 13. ... The Staten Island Greenbelt is a system of contiguous public parkland and natural areas in the central hills of Staten Island, New York. ...

Climate

Central Park.

Although located at about the same latitude as the much warmer European cities of Naples and Madrid, New York has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification) resulting from prevailing wind patterns that bring cool air from the interior of the North American continent.^[30] New York City has cold winters but the city's coastal position keeps temperatures slightly warmer than inland regions, helping to moderate the amount of snow which averages 25 to 35 inches (63.5 to 88.9 cm) each year.^[30] New York City has a frost-free period lasting an average of 199 days between seasonal freezes.^[30] Spring and Autumn in New York City are erratic, and can range from cold and snowy to hot and humid, although they can also be cold or cool and rainy. Summer in New York City is warm and humid, with temperatures of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher recorded on average 18 to 25 days each summer.^[30] Though not usually associated with hurricanes, New York City is susceptible to them, notably the 1821 Norfolk and Long Island Hurricane which flooded southern Manhattan, and 1938 Hurricane, which affected New York and killed more than 700 people, most of them in New England. The city's long-term climate patterns have been affected by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, a 70-year long warming and cooling cycle in the Atlantic that influences the frequency and severity of hurricanes and coastal storms in the region.^[31] Scientists believe, however, that global warming will change this pattern.^[32] Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2576 Ã— 1932 pixel, file size: 960 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I took this picture in Central Park in January of 2007. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (2576 Ã— 1932 pixel, file size: 960 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I took this picture in Central Park in January of 2007. ... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres, 3. ... For other uses, see Naples (disambiguation). ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... The humid continental climate is a climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between polar and tropical air masses. ... The KÃ¶ppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. ... Cyclone Catarina, a rare South Atlantic tropical cyclone viewed from the International Space Station on March 26, 2004 Hurricane and Typhoon redirect here. ... ... Lowest pressure 938 mbar (hPa; 27. ... Upper: AMO index: the ten-year running mean of detrended Atlantic sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA, Â°C) north of the equator. ... Global warming refers to the increase in the average temperature of the Earths near-surface air and oceans in recent decades and its projected continuation. ...

Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high temperature, °F (°C)	38 (3)	40 (4)	50 (10)	61 (15)	72 (22)	80 (27)	85 (30)	84 (29)	76 (24)	65 (18)	54 (12)	42 (6)	62 (17)
Average low temperature, °F (°C)	25 (-4)	27 (-3)	35 (2)	44 (7)	54 (12)	63 (17)	68 (20)	67 (19)	60 (16)	50 (10)	41 (5)	31 (-1)	47 (8)
Rainfall, inches (mm)	3.4 (86)	3.3 (84)	3.9 (99)	4.0 (102)	4.4 (112)	3.7 (95)	4.4 (112)	4.1 (104)	3.9 (99)	3.6 (91)	4.5 (127)	3.9 (99)	46.7 (1,124)
Source: Weatherbase.com

Environment

From Central Park South

Main article: Environmental issues in New York City

A boardwalk on Staten Island, with the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge in background.

Environmental concerns in the city involve managing the city's extraordinary population density. Mass transit use is the highest in the nation and gasoline consumption in the city is at the rate the national average was in the 1920s.^[33] New York City's dense population and low automobile dependence help make New York among the most energy efficient in the United States.^[34] The city's greenhouse gas emission levels are relatively low when measured per capita, at 7.1 metric tons per person, below San Francisco, at 11.2 metric tons, and the national average, at 24.5.^[35] New Yorkers are collectively responsible for one percent of the nation's total greenhouse gas emissions,^[35] though comprise 2.7% of the nation's population. The average New Yorker consumes less than half the electricity used by a resident of San Francisco and nearly one-quarter the electricity consumed by a resident of Dallas.^[36] Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x490, 804 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Central Park Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x490, 804 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Central Park Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to... Central Park is a large public, urban park (843 acres, 3. ... Central Park is nearly twice as big as the worlds second-smallest country, Monaco. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... This article is about the borough in New York City. ... Verrazano Bridge redirects here; for the bridge to Assateague Island, see Verrazano Bridge (Maryland). ... San Francisco redirects here. ... Top: Increasing atmospheric CO2 levels as measured in the atmosphere and ice cores. ... â€œDallasâ€ redirects here. ...

In recent years the city has focused on reducing its environmental impact. Large amounts of concentrated pollution in New York City lead to high incidence of asthma and other respiratory conditions among the city's residents.^[37] The city government is required to purchase only the most energy-efficient equipment for use in city offices and public housing.^[38] New York has the largest clean air diesel-hybrid and compressed natural gas bus fleet in the country, and some of the first hybrid taxis.^[39] The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others.^[40] For other types of Hybrid Transportation, see Hybrid (disambiguation)#Transportation. ... Typical North America vehicles carry this diamond shape symbol, meaning it is running on compressed natural gas fuel. ... This article is about green building construction. ... Hearst Tower, in September 2006 Interior of the Lobby taken from Cafe 57 Hearst Tower in New York City, New York is located at 300 West 57th Street on Eighth Avenue, near Columbus Circle. ...

New York City is supplied with drinking water by the protected Catskill Mountains watershed.^[41] As a result of the watershed's integrity and undisturbed natural water filtration process, New York is one of only five major cities in the United States with drinking water pure enough not to require purification by water treatment plants.^[42] A new environmental friendly building called One Bryant Park will be built to clean up the air in New York City. The Catskill Mountains (also known as simply the Catskills), a natural area in New York State northwest of New York City and southwest of Albany, are not, despite their popular name, true geological mountains, but rather a mature dissected plateau, an uplifted region that was subsequently eroded into sharp relief. ... A drainage basin is the area within the drainage basin divide (blue outline), and drains the surface runoff and river discharge (green lines) of a contiguous area. ... A water treatment plant in northern Portugal. ... Future Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park The Bank of America Tower in New York City is a $1 billion skyscraper project currently undergoing construction, on the west side of Sixth Avenue, between 42nd and 43rd Street, opposite Bryant Park. ...

Cityscape

Manhattan has one of the world's most recognizable skylines. (Shown: midtown area from around 65th St., on left, to about 23rd St., on right, from the west.)

360 degree panorama from the top of the Empire State Building.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 165 pixelsFull resolution (5858 Ã— 1210 pixel, file size: 5. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 165 pixelsFull resolution (5858 Ã— 1210 pixel, file size: 5. ... For other uses, see Manhattan (disambiguation). ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (7979x740, 1523 KB) Skyline panorama of New York City from Empire State Building - Note that this is an updated photo, i. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (7979x740, 1523 KB) Skyline panorama of New York City from Empire State Building - Note that this is an updated photo, i. ... The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in New York City, New York on the intersection of Fifth Avenue and West 34th Street. ...

Architecture

Main article: Architecture in New York City

The Skyscraper is the architectural style most associated with New York City.

The Lower Manhattan skyline as envisioned in 2011 with the rebuilt World Trade Center.

The building form most closely associated with New York City is the skyscraper that saw New York buildings shift from the low-scale European tradition to the vertical rise of business districts. Surrounded mostly by water, the city's residential density and high real estate values in commercial districts saw the city amass the largest collection of individual, free-standing office and residential towers in the world.^[43] Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 531 pixelsFull resolution (859 Ã— 570 pixel, file size: 433 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Time Warner Center with Trump Tower. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 531 pixelsFull resolution (859 Ã— 570 pixel, file size: 433 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Time Warner Center with Trump Tower. ... For other uses, see Skyscraper (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 351 pixelsFull resolution (3282 Ã— 1440 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 351 pixelsFull resolution (3282 Ã— 1440 pixel, file size: 1. ... For other uses, see World Trade Center (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Skyscraper (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles. ...

New York has architecturally significant buildings in a wide range of styles. These include the Woolworth Building (1913), an early gothic revival skyscraper built with massively scaled gothic detailing able to be read from street level several hundred feet below. The 1916 Zoning Resolution required setback in new buildings, and restricted towers to a percentage of the lot size, to allow sunlight to reach the streets below.^[44] The Art Deco design of the Chrysler Building (1930), with its tapered top and steel spire, reflected the zoning requirements. The building is considered by many historians and architects to be New York's finest building, with its distinctive ornamentation such as replicas at the corners of the 61st floor of the 1928 Chrysler eagle hood ornaments and V-shaped lighting inserts capped by a steel spire at the tower's crown.^[45] A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its facade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is an important example of green design in American skyscrapers.^[40] The Woolworth Building, at sixty stories, is one of the oldest â€” and one of the most famous â€” skyscrapers in New York City. ... Victoria Tower at the Palace of Westminster, London: Gothic details provided by A.W.N. Pugin San Sebastian Church in Manila, Philippines made entirely of steel. ... Midtown Manhattan in 1932, showing the results of the Zoning Resolution The New York City 1916 Zoning Resolution was a measure adopted primarily to stop massive buildings such as the Equitable Building (Manhattan) from preventing light and air from reaching the streets below. ... Setbacks on the Pyramid of Djoser. ... Asheville City Hall. ... The Chrysler Building is an Art Deco skyscraper in New York City, located on the east side of Manhattan at the intersection of 42nd Street and Lexington Avenue. ... The Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart, Germany (1927) The Weissenhof Estate in Stuttgart, Germany (1930) The International style was a major architectural trend of the 1920s and 1930s. ... The Seagram Building is a skyscraper in New York City, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan. ... CondÃ© Nast Building, seen from Empire State Building The CondÃ© Nast Building, officially Four Times Square, is a modern skyscraper in Times Square in Midtown Manhattan. ... It has been suggested that Green design be merged into this article or section. ...

The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses, townhouses, and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930.^[46] Stone and brick became the city's building materials of choice after the construction of wood-frame houses was limited in the aftermath of the Great Fire of 1835.^[47] Unlike Paris, which for centuries was built from its own limestone bedrock, New York has always drawn its building stone from a far-flung network of quarries and its stone buildings have a variety of textures and hues.^[48] A distinctive feature of many of the city's buildings is the presence of wooden roof-mounted water towers. In the 1800s, the city required their installation on buildings higher than six stories to prevent the need for excessively high water pressures at lower elevations, which could burst municipal water pipes.^[49] Garden apartments became popular during the 1920s in outlying areas, including Jackson Heights in Queens, which became more accessible with expansion of the subway.^[50] This article is about the building material and the dwelling. ... A street of British Victorian/Edwardian terraced homes. ... Leinster House, 18th century Dublin townhouse of the Duke of Leinster. ... A red brick apartment block in central London, England, on the north bank of the Thames An apartment building, block of flats or tenement is a multi-unit dwelling made up of several (generally four or more) apartments (US) or flats (UK). ... This article is about the 1835 fire. ... The mushroom-shaped concrete water tower of Roihuvuori in Helsinki, Finland was built in the 1970s. ... Ebenezer Howards 3 magnets diagram which addressed the question Where will the people go?, the choices being Town, Country or Town-Country The garden city movement is an approach to urban planning that was founded in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard in England. ... A typical residential street in Jackson Heights. ...

Boroughs

Main articles: Borough (New York City) and Neighborhoods of New York City

New York City is comprised of five boroughs, an unusual form of government used to administer the five constituent counties that make up the city.^[51] Throughout the boroughs there are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the United States. The Five Boroughs redirects here. ... The Neighborhoods of New York City are located within the five boroughs. ... The Five Boroughs redirects here. ...

The five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, Staten Island

Union Square in Manhattan.

The Bronx (pop. 1,364,566)^[52] is New York City's northernmost borough. The site of Yankee Stadium, home of the New York Yankees, and home to the largest