State of New Mexico
Flag of New Mexico Seal Nickname(s): Land of Enchantment Motto(s): Crescit eundo
Official language(s)	None
Demonym	New Mexican
Capital	Santa Fe
Largest city	Albuquerque
Largest metro area	Albuquerque metropolitan area
Area	Ranked 5th in the US
- Total	121,665 sq mi (315,194 km²)
- Width	342 miles (550 km)
- Length	370 miles (595 km)
- % water	0.2
- Latitude	31° 20′ N to 37° N
- Longitude	103° W to 109° 3′ W
Population	Ranked 35th in the US
- Total	1,969,915 (2007)
- Density	14.98/sq mi  5.79/km² (45th in the US)
Elevation
- Highest point	Wheeler Peak[1] 13,161 ft  (4,011 m)
- Mean	5,692 ft  (1,735 m)
- Lowest point	Red Bluff Reservoir[1] 2,842 ft  (866 m)
Admission to Union	January 6, 1912 (47th)
Governor	Bill Richardson (D)
Lieutenant Governor	Diane Denish (D)
U.S. Senators	Pete Domenici (R) Jeff Bingaman (D)
Congressional Delegation	List
Time zone	Mountain: UTC-7/-6
Abbreviations	NM US-NM
Website	www.newmexico.gov

New Mexico Portal

The State of New Mexico (pronounced /nuːˈmɛksɨkoʊ/) is located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. It has been inhabited by Native American populations and has been part of the Imperial Spanish viceroyalty of New Spain, part of Mexico, and a U.S. territory. Among U.S. states, New Mexico has the highest percentage of Hispanic Americans, comprising both recent immigrants and descendants of Spanish colonists.^[2] It also has the third-highest percentage of Native Americans after Alaska and Oklahoma, and the fifth-highest total number of Native Americans after California, Oklahoma, Arizona, and Texas.^[3] The tribes represented in the state consist of mostly Navajo and Pueblo peoples. As a result, the demographics and culture of the state are unique for their strong Spanish, Mexican, and American Indian cultural influences. The climate of the state is highly arid and its territory is mostly covered by mountains and desert. At a population density of 15 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth most sparsely inhabited U.S. State. Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Mexico. ... Not GFDL. Seal of the state of New Mexico. ... Flag of New Mexico The flag of New Mexico consists of a red sun symbol of the Zia on a field of yellow. ... The Great Seal of New Mexico is the official seal of the U.S. State of New Mexico and was adopted in [1913] The Great Seal of New Mexico When New Mexico became a state in 1912, the Legislature named a Commission for the purpose of designing a State Seal. ... This is a list of U.S. state nicknames -- both official and traditional (official state nicknames are in bold). ... Here is a list of state mottos for the states of the United States. ... Great Seal of New Mexico with the motto crescit eundo. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The United States does not have an official language, but English is spoken by about 82% of the population as a native language. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Independence Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, site of first U.S. capital. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ... Albuquerque redirects here. ... In the United States, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has produced a formal definition of metropolitan areas. ... Map of New Mexico highlighting the Albuquerque metropolitan area. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... This is a complete list of the states of the United States ordered by total area, land area, and water area. ... A square mile is an English unit of area equal to that of a square with sides each 1 statute mile (≈1,609 m) in length. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... “km” redirects here. ... Map of states populations (2007) This is a list of states of the United States by population (with inhabited non-state jurisdictions included for comparison) as of July 1, 2007, according to the 2007 estimates of the United States Census Bureau. ... Map of states showing population density This is a list of the 50 U.S. states, ordered by population density. ... This is a list of United States states by elevation. ... Summit Sign at . ... Red Bluff Reservoir is an artificial lake formed by the Red Bluff Dam in the Pecos river, and is situated about 40 miles (approx. ... The order which the original 13 states ratified the constitution, then the order that the others were admitted to the union This is a list of U.S. states by date of statehood, that is, the date when each U.S. state joined the Union. ... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... For other persons named William Richardson, see William Richardson (disambiguation). ... This is a complete and current List of United States Lieutenant Governors. ... Diane D. Denish is a strong leader with a proven record of results for the people of New Mexico. ... Type Upper House President of the Senate Richard B. Cheney, R since January 20, 2001 President pro tempore Robert C. Byrd, D since January 4, 2007 Members 100 Political groups Democratic Party Republican Party Last elections November 7, 2006 Meeting place Senate Chamber United States Capitol Washington, DC United States... Pietro Pete Vichi Domenici (born May 7, 1932) is a powerful Republican United States senator from New Mexico. ... Jesse Francis Jeff Bingaman Jr. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... These are tables of congressional delegations from New Mexico to the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives. ... Map of U.S. time zones with new CST and EST areas displayed This is a list of United States of America States by time zone. ... MST is UTC-7 The Mountain Standard Time Zone (MST) is a geographic region that keeps time by subtracting seven hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC-7. ... ... Although DST is common in Europe and North America, most of the worlds people do not use it. ... The following is a list of abbreviations used by the United States Postal Service. ... U.S. states This is a list of traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territorries, which were in wide use prior to the U.S. postal abbreviations. ... A website (alternatively, web site or Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible via the Internet. ... Image File history File links Portal. ... The Southwest could be defined as the states south, or for the most part west of the Mississippi River, with the qualification of a certain northern limit, such as the 37, or 38, or 39, or 40 degree north line. ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States and their history after European contact, chiefly in what is now the United States. ... An anachronous map of the overseas Spanish Empire (1492-1898) in red, and the Spanish Habsburg realms in Europe (1516-1714) in orange. ... A viceroy is somebody who governs a country or province as a substitute for the monarch. ... map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ... Currently, all United States territories are either unincorporated (meaning that they are not fully part of the United States, with all aspects of the United States Constitution applying automatically) or unorganized (meaning that they do not have a form of government specified by an Organic Act passed by the United... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... Hispanic (Spanish: ; Portuguese: ; Latin: , adjective from Hispānia, the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically denoted relation to the ancient Hispania and its peoples. ... This article refers to a colony in politics and history. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States and their history after European contact, chiefly in what is now the United States. ... For other uses, see Alaska (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... The Navajo people (or Diné) of the Southwestern United States are currently the largest Native American tribe in North America, with an estimated tribal population of 300,000. ... It has been suggested that Pueblo be merged into this article or section. ... Mount Cook, a mountain in New Zealand A mountain is a landform that extends above the surrounding terrain in a limited area. ... This article is about arid terrain. ...

Geography

Desert scene not far from Chaco Canyon

Further information: List of New Mexico counties

Digitally colored elevation map of NM

The state's total area is 121,665 square miles (315,110 km²). The eastern border of New Mexico lies along 103° W longitude with the state of Oklahoma, and three miles (5 km) west of 103.5° W longitude with Texas. On the southern border, Texas makes up the eastern two-thirds, while the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora make up the western third, with Chihuahua making up about 90% of that. The western border with Arizona runs along the 109° 03' W longitude. The 37° N latitude parallel forms the northern boundary with Colorado. The states New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, and Utah come together at the Four Corners in the northwestern corner of New Mexico. New Mexico, although a large state, has little water. Its surface water area is only about 250 square miles (650 km²). New Mexico's average precipitation rate is only 15 inches (380 mm) a year. Kiva at Pueblo Del Arroyo Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park and World Heritage Site which contains the densest and most exceptional concentration of large pueblos in the American Southwest. ... List of New Mexico counties: New Mexico counties Bernalillo County one of the 9 original counties formed in 1852. ... Download high resolution version (1324x1387, 262 KB) SOURCE: http://wwwflag. ... Download high resolution version (1324x1387, 262 KB) SOURCE: http://wwwflag. ... Longitude is the east-west geographic coordinate measurement most commonly utilized in cartography and global navigation. ... For other uses, see Oklahoma (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... THEY SUC |native_name = |nickname = Lady of the Desert |settlement_type = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = Mexico stateflags Chihuahua. ... Sonora is a state in northwestern Mexico, bordering the states of Chihuahua to the east, Sinaloa to the south, and Baja California to the northwest. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... The 32nd meridian of longitude west from Washington is a line of longitude approximately 109. ... The 37th parallel north is a line of latitude that crosses over the continents of North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia, and the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. ... This article is about the geographical term. ... Official language(s) English Demonym Coloradan Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th in the US  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... The Four Corners region is in the red area on this map The Four Corners Monument, placed by the Interior Department at the exact point. ...

The landscape ranges from wide, rose-colored deserts to broken mesas to high, snow-capped peaks. Despite New Mexico's arid image, heavily forested mountain wildernesses cover a significant portion of the state, especially towards the north. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the southernmost part of the Rocky Mountains, run roughly north-south along the east side of the Rio Grande (Big River) in the rugged, pastoral north. The most important of New Mexico's rivers are the Rio Grande, Pecos, Canadian, San Juan, and Gila. The Rio Grande is the eighth longest river in the U.S. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Mesa (disambiguation). ... This article is about a community of trees. ... The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado in the United States. ... For individual mountains named Rocky Mountain, see Rocky Mountain (disambiguation). ... “Río Bravo” redirects here. ... “Río Bravo” redirects here. ... Pecos can refer to several things: Pecos, Texas Pecos County, Texas The Pecos River Pecos, New Mexico Pecos Bill The Pecos Classification This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Main articles: History of Canada, Timeline of Canadian history Canada has been inhabited by aboriginal peoples (known in Canada as First Nations) for at least 40,000 years. ... San Juan, the Spanish for Saint John, is a common toponym in parts of the world where Spanish is or was spoken: Argentina San Juan Province San Juan, Argentina, the capital of that province Cuba San Juan Hill Mexico San Juan, Campeche San Juan, Chihuahua San Juan, Coahuila San Juan... Gila may refer to: Gila, a genus of cyprinid fish known as chubs Gila monster, a venomous lizard Gila County, Arizona Gila river, a Colorado tributary Gila trout Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, a national monument in New Mexico Gila Desert, the informal name of Sonoran Desert Gila Woodpecker, a...

Cacti, yuccas, creosote bush, sagebrush, and desert grasses cover the broad, semiarid plains that cover the southern portion of the state. Subfamilies Cactoideae Maihuenioideae Opuntioideae Pereskioideae See also taxonomy of the Cactaceae A cactus (plural: cacti, cactuses, or cactus) is any member of the succulent plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas. ... Species many, see text The yuccas comprise the genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials, shrubs, and trees in the agave family Agavaceae, notable for their rosettes of evergreen, tough, sword-shaped leaves and large terminal clusters of white or whitish flowers. ... Binomial name Larrea tridentata (Sessé & Moc. ... Binomial name Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ...

The Federal government protects millions of acres of New Mexico as national forests including: This article is on national forests in the United States. ...

• Carson National Forest
• Cibola National Forest (headquartered in Albuquerque)
• Lincoln National Forest
• Santa Fe National Forest (headquartered in Santa Fe)
• Gila National Forest
• Gila Wilderness

Other protected lands include the following national monuments and parks: Map of the Carson National Forest Carson National Forest is a national forest in Northern New Mexico, United States. ... The Cibola National Forest stretches from western Oklahoma to western New Mexico. ... Albuquerque redirects here. ... The Lincoln National Forest is a protected national forest in the State of New Mexico in the southwestern United States. ... A map of the Santa Fe National Forest showing the widely separated Ranger Districts. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ... The Gila National Forest is a protected national forest in New Mexico in the southwestern United States established in 1905. ... Gila Wilderness was designated the worlds first wilderness area on 1924-06-03 and covers a total of 558,014 acres (2258 km²).[1] Along with Aldo Leopold Wilderness and Blue Range Wilderness, it is part of New Mexicos Gila National Forest. ...

• Aztec Ruins National Monument at Aztec
• Bandelier National Monument in Los Alamos
• Capulin Volcano National Monument near Capulin
• Carlsbad Caverns National Park near Carlsbad
• Chaco Culture National Historical Park at Nageezi
• El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail
• El Malpais National Monument in Grants
• El Morro National Monument in Ramah
• Fort Union National Monument at Watrous
• Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument near Silver City
• Old Spanish National Historic Trail
• Pecos National Historical Park in Pecos
• Petroglyph National Monument near Albuquerque
• Salinas Pueblo Missions National Monument at Mountainair
• Santa Fe National Historic Trail
• White Sands National Monument near Alamogordo

Visitors also frequent the surviving native pueblos of New Mexico. Tourists visiting these sites bring significant monies to the state. Other areas of geographical and scenic interest include Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument and the Valles Caldera National Preserve. The Gila Wilderness lies in the southwest of the state. West walls of the ruins The Aztec Ruins National Monument is a U.S. National Monument, centered around ancestral Pueblo structures in north-western New Mexico, United States, located close to the town of Aztec. ... Aztec (Navajo Kinteel) is a city located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... Not to be confused with Bandolier. ... Los Alamos is an unincorporated townsite in Los Alamos County, New Mexico. ... Capulin Volcano National Monument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Carlsbad Caverns National Park is a United States National Park located in the Guadalupe Mountains in southeastern New Mexico. ... It has been suggested that Carlsbad North, New Mexico be merged into this article or section. ... Kiva at Pueblo Del Arroyo Chaco Culture National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park and World Heritage Site which contains the densest and most exceptional concentration of large pueblos in the American Southwest. ... Nageezi (Navajo Naayízí) is a census-designated place located in San Juan County, New Mexico. ... El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro National Historic Trail is a part of the United States National Historic Trail system. ... View of the El Malpais Lava Fields El Malpais National Monument is off I-40 in western New Mexico, USA, near Cibola National Forest. ... The Grants Mining Museum, next to Historic Route 66. ... Aerial view of El Morro. ... Ramah (Navajo Tłʼohchiní) is a census-designated place located in McKinley County, New Mexico. ... Fort Union National Monument is a unit of the National Park Service located in Watrous, New Mexico. ... Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument in southwestern New Mexico was established as a national monument November 16, 1907. ... Location in the State of New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Grant Founded 1878 Government  - Mayor James R. Marshall Area  - Town  10. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Pecos National Historical Park is a National Historical Park in the U.S. state of New Mexico. ... Pecos is a village located in San Miguel County, New Mexico. ... Petroglyph National Monument stretches 17 miles (27 km) along Albuquerques West Mesa, a volcanic basalt escarpment that dominates the city’s western horizon. ... Once, thriving American Indian trade communities of Tiwa and Tompiro speaking Puebloans inhabited this remote frontier area of central New Mexico. ... Mountainair is a town located in Torrance County, New Mexico. ... The Santa Fe Trail was an important route in the western United States, leading from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. ... White Sands National Monument is well-known for its fields of white sand dunes composed of gypsum crystals. ... Alamogordo is a city in Otero County, New Mexico, United States of America. ... Tent Rocks near Monument Entrance Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks, located 40 miles southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, is a BLM managed site that was established as a U.S. National Monument by President Clinton in January 2001 shortly before leaving office. ... Valle Grande (Va-lye Gra-n-de), also known as the Valles Caldera, is a pristine area in the Jemez Mountains of northern New Mexico in the United States. ... Gila Wilderness was designated the worlds first wilderness area on 1924-06-03 and covers a total of 558,014 acres (2258 km²).[1] Along with Aldo Leopold Wilderness and Blue Range Wilderness, it is part of New Mexicos Gila National Forest. ...

See also: Delaware Basin

The Delaware Basin in West Texas and southern New Mexico is famous for holding large oil fields and for exposing a fossilized reef. ...

History

Main article: History of New Mexico

Wagon in the mechanics corral of Fort Union National Monument, New Mexico

The first known inhabitants of New Mexico were members of the Clovis culture of Paleo-Indians. Indeed the culture is named for the New Mexico city where the first artifacts of this culture were discovered. Later inhabitants include Native Americans of the Anasazi and the Mogollon cultures. By the time of European contact in the 1500s, the region was settled by the villages of the Pueblo peoples and groups of Navajo, Apache and Ute. The History of New Mexico was first recorded by the Spanish who encountered Native American Pueblos when they explored the area in the 1500s. ... Image File history File links Foun_wagon. ... Image File history File links Foun_wagon. ... The Clovis culture (sometimes referred to as the Llano culture[1]) is a prehistoric Paleoindian culture that first appears in the archaeological record of North America around 11,500 rcbp radiocarbon years ago, at the end of the last glacial period. ... Paleo-Indians is an English term used to refer to the ancient peoples of America who were present at the end of the last Ice Age. ... This article is about the people indigenous to the United States and their history after European contact, chiefly in what is now the United States. ... Ancient Pueblo People, or Ancestral Puebloans is the preferred term for the group of peoples often known as Anasazi who are the ancestors of the modern Pueblo peoples. ... The Mogollon (IPA pronunciation: ) is the name applied to one of the four major prehistoric archaeological culture areas of the American Southwest and Northern Mexico. ... It has been suggested that Pueblo be merged into this article or section. ... The Navajo people (or Diné) of the Southwestern United States are currently the largest Native American tribe in North America, with an estimated tribal population of 300,000. ... For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ... Look up ute in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Francisco Vasquez de Coronado assembled an enormous expedition at Compostela in 1540–1542 to explore and find the mystical Seven Golden Cities of Cibola as described by Cabeza de Vaca who had just arrived from his eight-year ordeal traveling from Florida to Mexico. Coronado's men found several mud baked pueblos in 1541, but found no rich cities of gold. Further widespread expeditions found no fabulous cities anywhere in the Southwest or Great Plains. A dispirited and now poor Coronado and his men began their journey back to Mexico leaving New Mexico behind. Francisco Vásquez de Coronado (ca. ... Compostela is a both a municipality and the municipal seat of the same in the Mexican state of Nayarit. ... // The origin of the legend Quivira and Cíbola are two of the fantastic Seven Cities of Gold existing only in a myth that originated around the year 1150 when the Moors conquered Mérida, Spain. ... Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (c. ...

Over 50 years after Coronado, Juan de Oñate founded the San Juan colony on the Rio Grande in 1598, the first permanent European settlement in the future state of New Mexico. Oñate pioneered the grandly named El Camino Real, "Royal Road," as a 700 mile (1,100 km) trail from the rest of New Spain to his remote colony. Oñate was made the first governor of the new Province of New Mexico. The Native Americans at Acoma revolted against this Spanish encroachment but faced severe suppression. Don Juan de Oñate Salazar (1552 – 1626) was a Spanish explorer, colonial governor of the New Spain (present-day Mexico) province of New Mexico, and founder of various settlements in the present day Southwest of the United States. ... San Juan is a census-designated place located in Rio Arriba County, New Mexico. ... El Camino Real (Spanish for the Royal or Kings Highway) was the name of a series of pre-automobile highways linking the various New World colonies of Spain: There is an El Camino Real in California; see: El Camino Real (California); that road provoked a Jargon File bilingual homographic... map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ... New Mexico (Spanish: Nuevo México or alternatively Santa Fe de Nuevo México) was a province of New Spain that existed from the late 16th century up through the early 19th century. ... Photograph of Enchanted Mesa taken from Aaku - 1899 Acoma Pueblo (Western Keresan dialect: Aaku; Zuni: Hakukya), also known as Sky City, is a Native American pueblo built on top of a 367-foot (112 m) sandstone mesa in the U.S. state of New Mexico. ...

Pueblo Ruins at Aztec Ruins National Monument.

In 1609, Pedro de Peralta, a later governor of the Province of New Mexico, established the settlement of Santa Fe at the foot of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. The city, along with most of the settled areas of the state, was abandoned by the Spanish for 12 years (1680-1692) as a result of the successful Pueblo Revolt. After the death of the Pueblo leader Popé, Diego de Vargas restored the area to Spanish rule. While developing Santa Fe as a trade center, the returning settlers founded the old town of Alburquerque in 1706, naming it for the viceroy of New Spain, the Duke of Alburquerque. The name later evolved into its present form of Albuquerque. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 969 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico by David Jolley 2007. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixels Full resolution (2304 × 1728 pixel, file size: 969 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Aztec Ruins National Monument, New Mexico by David Jolley 2007. ... The following is a list of governors of the Province of New Mexico under the Viceroyalty of New Spain. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ... The Sangre de Cristo Mountains are a mountain range of the Rocky Mountains located in northern New Mexico and southern Colorado in the United States. ... 1680-The Pueblo Revolt, by George Chacón, Taos Mural Project The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 or Popés Rebellion was an uprising of many pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in the New Spain province of New Mexico. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Diego de Vargas Zapata y Luján Ponce de León y Contreras (1643 – 1704), commonly known as Don Diego de Vargas, was a Spanish Governor of the New Spain territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México, today the U.S. state of New Mexico, titular 1688 – 1692, effective... This article is about the largest city of New Mexico. ...

Mexican province

As a part of New Spain, the claims for the province of New Mexico passed to independent Mexico following the 1810-1821 Mexican War of Independence. During the brief 26 year period of nominal Mexican control, Mexican authority and investment in New Mexico were weak, as their often conflicted government had little time or interest in a New Mexico that had been poor since the Spanish settlements started. Some Mexican officials, saying they were wary of encroachments by the growing United States, and wanting to reward themselves and their friends, began issuing enormous land grants (usually free) to groups of Mexican families as an incentive to populate the province. map of New Spain in red, with territories claimed but not controlled in orange. ... Combatants Mexico Spain Commanders Miguel Hidalgo José María Morelos Vicente Guerrero Spanish colonial authorities Strength  ?  ? Casualties  ?  ? Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821), was an armed conflict between the people of Mexico and Spanish colonial authorities, which started on September 16, 1810. ... A land grant is a gift of land made by the government for projects such as roads, railroads, or especially academic institutions. ...

Small trapping parties from the United States had previously reached and stayed in Santa Fe, but the Spanish authorities officially forbade them to trade. Trader William Becknell returned to the United States in November 1821 with news that independent Mexico now welcomed trade through Santa Fe. William Becknell (1787 or 1788-1856) Amherst County, Virginia US was a freighter and the first white man to open what became known as the Santa Fe Trail to trade. ...

William Becknell left Independence, Missouri, for Santa Fe early in 1822 with the first party of traders. The Santa Fe Trail trading company, headed by the brothers Charles Bent and William Bent and Ceran St. Vrain, was one of the most successful in the West. They had their first trading post in the area in 1826, and, by 1833, they had built their adobe fort and trading post called Bent's Fort on the Arkansas River. This fort and trading post, located about 200 miles (322 km) east of Taos, New Mexico, was the only place settled by whites along the Santa Fe trail before it hit Taos. The Santa Fe National Historic Trail follows the route of the old trail, with many sites marked or restored. William Becknell (1787 or 1788-1856) Amherst County, Virginia US was a freighter and the first white man to open what became known as the Santa Fe Trail to trade. ... Independence is a city in Missouri, in the Kansas City metropolitan area. ... Trail logo The Santa Fe Trail was an historic 19th century transportation route across southwestern North America connecting Missouri with Santa Fe, New Mexico. ... Charles Bent (1799-1847) was appointed as the first Governor of the newly acquired New Mexico Territory by Governor Stephen Watts Kearny in September, 1846. ... Born in St. ... Ceran St. ... For information concerning Bents New Fort, visit the National Park Services website at: [1] ... The Arkansas River flows through Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, and Arkansas. ... Taos (IPA: ) is a city in Taos County in the north-central region of New Mexico. ... The Santa Fe Trail was an important route in the western United States, leading from Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico. ...

Route of the Old Spanish Trail

The Spanish Trail from Los Angeles, California to Santa Fe, New Mexico was primarily used by Hispanics, white traders and ex-trappers living part of the year in or near Santa Fe. Started in about 1829, the trail was an arduous 2,400 (3862 km) mile round trip pack train sojourn that extended into Colorado, Utah, Nevada and California and back, allowing only one hard round trip per year. The trade consisted primarily of blankets and some trade goods from Santa Fe being traded for horses in California. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1040x600, 27 KB) Summary Route of the Old Spanish Trail in the American Southwest. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1040x600, 27 KB) Summary Route of the Old Spanish Trail in the American Southwest. ... The Old Spanish Trail is a historic trade route which connected the northern New Mexican settlement of Santa Fé with that of Los Ángeles in California. ... Los Angeles and L.A. redirect here. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ...

The Republic of Texas claimed the mostly vacant territory north and east of the Rio Grande when it successfully seceded from Mexico in 1836. New Mexico authorities captured a group of Texans who embarked an expedition to assert their claim to the province in 1841. For the latter day independence movement surrounding Texas, see Republic of Texas (group). ... “Río Bravo” redirects here. ... The Texas Santa Fe Expedition (1841) was a failed expedition to the Santa Fe trail that would increase tensions between Texas and Mexico, leading up to the Mexican American war. ...

American territory

Following the Mexican-American War, from 1846-1848 and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, Mexico forcibly ceded its mostly unsettled northern holdings, today known as the American Southwest and California to the United States of America in exchange for an end to hostilities, the evacuation of Mexico City and many other areas under American control. Mexico also received $15 million cash, plus the assumption of slightly more than $3 million in outstanding Mexican debts. Combatants United States Mexico Commanders Zachary Taylor Winfield Scott Stephen W. Kearney Antonio López de Santa Anna Mariano Arista Pedro de Ampudia José Mariá Flores Strength 78,790 soldiers 25,000–40,000 soldiers Casualties KIA: 1733 Total dead: 13,271 Wounded: 4,152 AWOL: 9,200+ 25,000... The Mexican Cession (red) and the Gadsden Purchase (orange). ... The Southwest region of the United States is drier than the adjoining Midwest in weather; the population is less dense and, with strong Spanish-American and Native American components, more ethnically varied than neighboring areas. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ...

The Congressional Compromise of 1850 halted a bid for statehood under a proposed antislavery constitution. Texas transferred eastern New Mexico to the federal government, settling a lengthy boundary dispute. Under the compromise, the American government established the Territory of New Mexico on September 9, 1850. The territory, which included most of the future states of Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, officially established its capital at Santa Fe in 1851. Henry Clay takes the floor of the Old Senate Chamber; Millard Fillmore presides as Calhoun and Webster look on. ... The New Mexico Territory became an organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico became the 47th state on January 6, 1912. ... is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the game, see: 1850 (board game) 1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Official language(s) English Demonym Coloradan Capital Denver Largest city Denver Largest metro area Denver-Aurora Metro Area Area  Ranked 8th in the US  - Total 104,185 sq mi (269,837 km²)  - Width 280 miles (451 km)  - Length 380 miles (612 km)  - % water 0. ... Nickname: Location in Santa Fe County, New Mexico Coordinates: , Country State County Santa Fe Founded ca. ...

The United States acquired the southwestern boot heel of the state and southern Arizona below the Gila river in the mostly desert Gadsden Purchase of 1853. This purchase was desired when it was found that a much easier route for a proposed transcontinental railroad was located slightly south of the Gila river. The Southern Pacific built the second transcontinental railroad though this purchased land in 1881. Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... The Gila River, a tributary of the Colorado, is shown highlighted on a map of the United States The Gila River (Oodham [Pima]: Hila Akimel) is a tributary of the Colorado River, 630 mile (1,014 km) long, in the southwestern United States. ... The Gadsden Purchase (shown with present-day state boundaries and cities) The Gadsden Purchase (known as Venta de La Mesilla in Mexico) is a 45,535 mi² (76,770 km²) region of what is today southern Arizona and New Mexico that was purchased by the United States from Mexico in...

During the American Civil War, Confederate troops from Texas briefly occupied the Rio Grande valley as far north as Santa Fe. Union troops from the Territory of Colorado re-captured the territory in March 1862 at the Battle of Glorieta Pass. The Territory of Arizona was split off as a separate territory on February 24, 1863. Combatants United States of America (Union) Confederate States of America (Confederacy) Commanders Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant Jefferson Davis, Robert E. Lee Strength 2,200,000 1,064,000 Casualties 110,000 killed in action, 360,000 total dead, 275,200 wounded 93,000 killed in action, 258,000 total... Motto Deo Vindice (Latin: Under God, Our Vindicator) Anthem (none official) God Save the South (unofficial) The Bonnie Blue Flag (unofficial) Dixie (unofficial)  States that seceded under CSA control  States and territories claimed by CSA without formal secession and/or control Capital Montgomery, Alabama (until May 29, 1861) Richmond, Virginia... For other uses, see Texas (disambiguation). ... Motto: (traditional) In God We Trust (official, 1956–present) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City Official language(s) None at the federal level; English de facto Government Federal Republic  - President George W. Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence - Declared - Recognized... The Kansas, Nebraska, Utah, and New Mexico territories in 1860 The Colorado Territory was a historic, organized territory of the United States that existed between 1861 and 1876. ... Belligerents United States (Union) CSA (Confederacy) Commanders John P. Slough John M. Chivington Charles L. Pyron William R. Scurry Strength Northern Division, Army of New Mexico 1st Colorado Volunteers 4th, 5th, and 7th Texas Cavalry Regiment, artillery, and a company of independent volunteers Casualties and losses Apache Canyon 5 killed... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

There were centuries of conflict between the Apache, the Navajo and Spanish-Mexican settlements in the territory. It took the federal government another 25 years after the Civil War to exert control over both the civilian and Native American populations of the territory. This started in 1864 when the Navajo were sent on "The Long Walk" to Bosque Redondo Reservation and then returned to most of their lands in 1868. The Apache were moved to various reservations and Apache wars continued until Geronimo finally surrendered in 1886. The Navajo Wars were fought during the nineteenth century between the U.S. military and many western tribes. ... For other uses, see Apache (disambiguation). ... The Navajo people (or Diné) of the Southwestern United States are currently the largest Native American tribe in North America, with an estimated tribal population of 300,000. ... The Long Walk The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, was a 20 day or more foot walk many Navajos made in 1864 to a reservation in southeastern New Mexico. ... Geronimo, before surrender to General Crook, 17 Apr 1886 The Apache Wars were fought during the nineteenth century between the U.S. military and many western tribes. ... For other uses, see Geronimo (disambiguation). ...

The railway encouraged the great cattle boom of the 1880s and the development of accompanying cow towns. The cattle barons could not keep out sheepherders, and eventually homesteaders and squatters overwhelmed the cattlemen by fencing in and plowing under the "sea of grass" on which the cattle fed. Conflicting land claims led to bitter quarrels among the original Spanish inhabitants, cattle ranchers, and newer homesteaders. Despite destructive overgrazing, ranching survived and remains a mainstay of the New Mexican economy.

Albuquerque, the largest city in New Mexico, on the middle Rio Grande, was incorporated in 1889.

Statehood

New Mexico state welcome sign

Congress admitted New Mexico as the 47th state in the Union on January 6, 1912. The admission of the neighboring State of Arizona on February 14, 1912 completed the contiguous 48 states. Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political... is the 6th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... is the 45th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The struggle to gain the voting rights for women came to be known as the "suffrage momement." In spite of efforts by suffrage organizers after 1915, New Mexico's legislature was one of the last to ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920.

For the first 25 years of statehood, the NM Supreme Court lived in cramped quarters in the Capitol. Not until 1937 as a result of a Public Works Administrtion Project, did the Supreme Court get its own building. That year, there was a diphtheria epidemic in Santa Fe resulting in 20 deaths before serum was flown in to end it.

The United States government built the Los Alamos Research Center in 1943 amid the Second World War. Top-secret personnel there assembled the atomic bomb, first detonated at Trinity site in the desert on the White Sands Proving Grounds between Socorro and Alamogordo on July 16, 1945. Los Alamos National Laboratory, aerial view from 1995. ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ... An early stage in the Trinity fireball. ... White Sands Missile Range (WSMR), formerly known as the White Sands Proving Grounds, is located in Otero County, New Mexico, mostly in the Tularosa Basin, a valley between the Organ Mountains, San Andres Mountains and the Sacramento Mountains of the U.S. state of New Mexico, it includes the northern... Socorro is a city located in Socorro County, New Mexico in the Rio Grande Valley, at an elevation of 4579 feet. ... Alamogordo is a city in Otero County, New Mexico, United States of America. ... is the 197th day of the year (198th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Albuquerque expanded rapidly after the war. High-altitude experiments near Roswell in 1947 reputedly led to persistent but unproven suspicions that the government captured and concealed extraterrestrial corpses and equipment. The state quickly emerged as a leader in nuclear, solar, and geothermal energy research and development. Sandia National Laboratories, founded in 1949, carried out nuclear research and special weapons development at Kirtland Air Force Base south of Albuquerque and at Livermore, California. Nickname: Location in the state of New Mexico. ... It has been suggested that Sandia Base be merged into this article or section. ... Kirtland Air Force Base is located in the southeast quadrant of Albuquerque, New Mexico, adjacent to the Albuquerque International Sunport. ... Livermore is a city in Alameda County, California, United States. ...

Located in the remote Chihuahuan Desert the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is located 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Carlsbad. Here nuclear wastes are buried deep in carved out salt formation disposal rooms mined 2,150 feet (655 m) underground in a 2,000-foot (610 m) thick salt formation that has been stable for more than 200 million years. WIPP began operations on March 26, 1999. Map of the Chihuahuan Desert. ... A schematic of the WIPP facility. ... It has been suggested that Carlsbad North, New Mexico be merged into this article or section. ... March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ...

Demographics

New Mexico Population Density Map

(See also List of cities in New Mexico and New Mexico locations by per capita income) As of 2005, New Mexico has an estimated population of 1,928,384, which is an increase of 25,378, or 1.3%, from the prior year and an increase of 109,338, or 6.0%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 74,397 people (that is 143,617 births minus 69,220 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 37,501 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 27,974 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 9,527 people. Image File history File links New_Mexico_population_map. ... Image File history File links New_Mexico_population_map. ... This is a list of the cities & towns in New Mexico, above 3,000 in population. ... New Mexico has the forty-fifth highest per capita income in the United States of America, at $17,261 (2000). ...

The center of population of New Mexico is located in Torrance County, in the town of Manzano.^[4] Center of population is a subject of study in the field of demographics. ... Torrance County is a county located in the state of New Mexico. ... Manzano is a census-designated place located in Torrance County, New Mexico. ...

As of 2006, 8.2% of the residents of the state were foreign-born.

According to the Census Bureau, 1.5% of the population is Multiracial/Mixed-Race, a population larger than both the Asian and NHPI population groups. New Mexico has the highest percentage of people of Hispanic ancestry of any state, some recent immigrants and others descendants of Spanish colonists. The state also has a large Native American population, second behind Alaska. Hispanics of colonial ancestry, along with recent Mexican immigrants, are present in most of the state, especially northern, central, and northeastern New Mexico. Mexican immigrants, legal or illegal, are prominent in southern parts of the state. Descendants of white American settlers, mostly of Irish and English descent, from other parts of United States live in west, southwest, and southeast areas and main cities of the state. The northwestern corner of the state is primarily occupied by Native Americans, of which Navajos and Pueblos are the largest tribes. As a result, the demographics and culture of the state are unique for their strong American, Colonial Spanish, Mexican, and Native American cultural influences. The Seventh Census of the United States, conducted by the Bureau of the Census, determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35. ... The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. ... The Ninth United States Census was taken in 1870. ... 1880 US Census The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census. ... The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 1, 1890. ... 1900 US Census The Twelfth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 76,212,168, an increase of 21. ... The Thirteenth United States Census was taken in 1910. ... The Fourteenth United States Census was taken in 1920. ... The Fifteenth United States Census was taken in 1930. ... The Sixteenth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 132,164,569, an increase of 7. ... The Seventeenth United States Census was taken in 1950. ... The Eighteenth United States Census was taken in 1960. ... The Nineteenth United States Census was taken in 1970. ... The Twentieth United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 226,545,805, an increase of 11. ... The Twenty-first United States Census, conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States to be 248,709,873, an increase of 9. ... 2000 US Census logo The Twenty-Second United States Census, known as Census 2000 and conducted by the Census Bureau, determined the resident population of the United States on April 1, 2000, to be 281,421,906, an increase of 13. ... Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the United States Census Bureau and the Federal Office of Management and Budget (OMB), is a self-identification data item in whi