The Horn of Africa. NASA image

The Horn of Africa (alternatively Northeast Africa, and sometimes Somali Peninsula) is a peninsula of East Africa that juts for hundreds of kilometers into the Arabian Sea, and lies along the southern side of the Gulf of Aden. It is the easternmost projection of the African continent. The term also refers to the greater region containing the countries of Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea and Somalia. As such, it covers approximately 2,000,000 km² and is inhabited by about 90.2 million people (Ethiopia 75, Somalia 10, Eritrea 4.5 and Djibouti with 0.7 million people). Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...  Eastern Africa (UN subregion)  East African Community  Central African Federation (defunct)  geographic, including above East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easternmost region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. ... Map of the Arabian Sea. ... The Gulf of Aden is located in the Indian Ocean between Yemen on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula and Somaliland in Africa. ... Animated, colour-coded map showing the various continents. ...

Nations of the Horn of Africa.

Image File history File links Horn of Africa. ... Image File history File links Horn of Africa. ...

Geography and climate

The Horn of Africa as seen from the NASA Space Shuttle, in May of 1993. The orange and tan colors in this image indicate a largely arid to semiarid climate.

The Horn of Africa is almost equidistant from the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. It consists chiefly of mountains uplifted through the formation of the Great Rift Valley, a fissure in the Earth's crust extending from Turkey to Mozambique and marking the separation of the African and Arabian tectonic plates. Most of the region is mountainous due to faults resulting from the Rift Valley, with the highest peaks in the Simien Mountains of northwestern Ethiopia. Extensive glaciers once covered the Simien and Bale Mountains but melted at the beginning of the Holocene. The mountains descend in a huge escarpment to the Red Sea and more steadily to the Indian Ocean. Socotra is a small island off the coast of Somalia, in the Indian Ocean, that is considered to be part of Africa. Its size is 3,600 square km and it is a territory of Yemen, the southernmost country on the Arabian peninsula. Image File history File links Horn of Africa - May 1993 image description here File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Horn of Africa - May 1993 image description here File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an agency of the United States federal government, responsible for the nations public space program. ... NASAs Space Shuttle, officially called Space Transportation System (STS), is the United States governments current manned launch vehicle. ... World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and Príncipe. ... World map showing the Tropic of Cancer The Tropic of Cancer, or Northern tropic, is one of the five major circles of latitude that mark maps of the Earth. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Earth cutaway from core to exosphere. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ... The Semien Mountains lie in northern Ethiopia, north east of Gonder. ... Glacial and Glaciation redirect here. ... The Bale Mountains are a range of mountains in the Oromia Region of southeast Ethiopia, south of the Awash River. ... The Holocene epoch is a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC). ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ... Map of the Socotra archipelago Socotra or Soqotra (Arabic سقطرى ; Suquṭra) is a small archipelago of four islands and islets in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia some 350 km south of the Arabian peninsula. ... The Arabian Peninsula Emirets towers in United Arab Emirates; the eastern part of Arabian Penisula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ...

The lowlands of the Horn are generally arid in spite of their closeness to the equator. This is because the winds of the tropical monsoon that give seasonal rains to the Sahel and Sudan blow from the west. Consequently, they lose their moisture on reaching Djibouti and Somalia, with the result that most of the Horn receives little rainfall during the monsoon. On the windward side in the west and centre of Ethiopia and the extreme south of Eritrea, monsoonal rainfall is heavy. In the mountains of Ethiopia many areas receive over 2,000mm (78 inches) per year and even Asmara received 570mm (23 inches). This rainfall provides the sole source of water for many areas far from Ethiopia, most famously for Egypt, which in terms of rainfall is the driest nation on Earth. Monsoon in the Vindhya mountain range, central India A monsoon is a rainy season which lasts for several months and has lasting climatic effects. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

In the winter, the northeasterly trade winds do not provide any moisture except in mountainous areas of northern Somalia, where rainfall in late autumn can produce annual totals as high as 500mm (20 inches). On the eastern coast, a strong upwelling and the fact that the winds blow parallel to the coast means annual rainfall can be as low as 51mm (2 inches). The trade winds are a pattern of wind found in bands around Earths equatorial region. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water towards the ocean surface, replacing the warmer, usually nutrient-deplete surface water. ...

Temperatures on the Red Sea coast are some of the hottest in the world, typically around 41°C (106°F) in July and 32°C (90°F) in January. On the east coast owing to the upwelling they are somewhat cooler but still hot. As elevation increases, temperatures decrease, so that at Asmara maxima are around 20°C (68°F) but frosts are frequent on cloudless nights, whilst on the highest peaks of the Simien Mountains, temperatures are rarely about 14°C (57°F) and can be as low as -10°C (14°F) on cloudless nights. Asmara Asmara (formerly Asmera) is the capital city and largest settlement in Eritrea, home to a population of around 579,000 people. ... Frost on black pipes Frost is a solid deposition of water vapor from saturated air. ...

History

Ancient history

The Kingdom of Aksum (also known as "Axum") was a Sabean influenced state located in Ethiopia, Eritrea, northern Somalia and Yemen that thrived between the 1st and 7th centuries. Due to the Horn's strategic location, it has been used to restrict access to the Red Sea in the past. The Kingdom of Aksum (or Axum, Geez አክሱም), was an important trading nation in northeastern Africa, growing from the proto-Aksumite period ca. ... Harran, also known as Carrhae, is an archeological site in present day southeastern Turkey, 24 miles (39 kilometers) southeast of Sanli Urfa. ... The 1st century was that century which lasted from 1 to 100 according the Gregorian calendar. ... The 7th century is the period from 601 - 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Location of the Red Sea The Red Sea is an inlet of the Indian Ocean between Africa and Asia. ...

Dhow - modern version of traditional trading ship

The region was also a source of biological resources during the Antiquity: The ancient Egyptians, Greeks and Romans sent expeditions to the region for frankincense, myrrh, dragon's blood or cinnabar and took these commodities back along the Incense Route. Therefore the Romans called this region Regio Aromatica. It is believed to also contain the fabled Egyptian Land of Punt. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 743 KB) Dhow ferrying passengers from Inhambane to Maxixe in Mozambique, taken in July 2006 by me —Steven G. Johnson. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 743 KB) Dhow ferrying passengers from Inhambane to Maxixe in Mozambique, taken in July 2006 by me —Steven G. Johnson. ... Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, which begins roughly with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (7th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the fall of the Western Roman Empire (5th century AD... Khafres Pyramid (4th dynasty) and Great Sphinx of Giza (c. ... Motto Senatus Populusque Romanus (SPQR) The Roman Empire at its greatest extent. ... 100g of frankincense resin. ... 100g of Myrrh. ... Dragons blood is a bright red resin that is obtained from different species of four distinct plants genera Croton, Dracaena, Daemonorops, and Pterocarpus. ... Cinnabar, sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury(II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury. ... The Incense Road or Incense Route connected Egypt with Arabia and the Indies. ... The Land of Punt, which the Ancient Egyptians called Ta Netjeru, meaning Land of the Gods, was a fabled and exotic site in eastern Africa, which carried on extensive trade with Ancient Egypt, China and Arabia. ...

The Horn was also part of a network of ports that extended down the coast of Africa, from the Persian Gulf as part of a larger and ancient commerce route along the greater Indian Ocean rim.

Modern history

In recent decades, the Horn of Africa has been a region continuously in crisis. Ethiopia occupies a predominant position in the Horn because of its demographic importance: about 85% of the area's population live in this country. Yet Ethiopia's history is largely marked by conflicts between Muslims and Christians for resources and living space, as well as between nationalism and Marxism-Leninism in the modern times. The rest of the region also faces continuous wars: a civil war erupted in Somalia in 1977, resulting in the country having had no functioning national government since 1991. Sudan, with the Sudanese Civil War, represents another important source of instability for the whole region. Conflicts have also occurred in Djibouti and Eritrea. A demographic or demographic profile is a term used in marketing and broadcasting, to describe a demographic grouping or a market segment. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... Also: 1977 (album) by Ash. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... The term Sudanese Civil War refers to at least two separate conflicts: First Sudanese Civil War - 1955 - 1972 Second Sudanese Civil War - 1983 - present This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Moreover, the region is regularly stricken by natural catastrophes, such as droughts or flood that hit rural areas particularly hard. As a result, the region has some of the world's highest levels of malnutrition and is continuously threatened with a major humanitarian crisis. Between 1982 and 1992, about two million people died in the Horn of Africa due to this combination of war and famine. Mount Pinatubo eruption, 1991 A natural disaster is the consequence of the combination of a natural hazard (a physical event e. ... A drought is a period of time when there is not enough water to support agricultural, urban, human, or environmental water needs. ... Picture of flooding in Amphoe Sena, Ayutthaya Province, Thailand. ... Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China An artists rendering of an aerial view of the Maryland countryside: Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), Aerial Series: Ploughed Fields, Maryland, 1974, acrylic and mixed materials on apertured double canvas, 52... Percentage of population affected by malnutrition by country, according to United Nations statistics. ... A humanitarian crisis or (in the language of history) a humanitarian disaster is a health or otherwise natural disaster which mortally threatens a very large number of people. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... A famine is a social and economic crisis that is commonly accompanied by widespread malnutrition, starvation, epidemic and increased mortality. ...

The Horn of Africa, since 2002, has been a major focus of attention by the United States, France, Germany, and eleven African nations regarding the War on Terrorism. This article is about U.S. actions after September 11, 2001. ...

Culture and ethnicity

The countries of the Horn of Africa are culturally linked together. Local people have been using the plow for cultivation and kept the Arabian dromedary as domestic animals for a long time. Some important ethno-linguistic groups in the Horn of Africa are: For the constellation known as The Plough see Ursa Major. ... Binomial name Camelus dromedarius Linnaeus, 1758 Dromedary range The Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius) (often referred to simply as the Dromedary) is a large even-toed ungulate native to northern Africa, Greater Middle East area and western India, also the land of east Africa, Sudan, Ethiopia and Somalia. ...

• In Djibouti: the Afar (Danakil) and the Somali (Issa)

• In Eritrea: the Bilen, the Afar, the Hedareb (Beni-Amer/Beja), the Kunama (Baza), the Nara (Nialetic), the Saho (Irob), the Rashaida, the Tigre, and the Tigrinya. The Jebertis are Muslim Tigrinyas who consider themselves as a separate ethnicity, but are not recognized by other sources.

• In Ethiopia: Amharas, Afars, Agaw groups, Gurages, Hamers, Hararis (also Hadere or Adere), the Irob (Catholic Sahos) Oromos, Saho, Sidamas, Somali, Tigrayans, as well as many other small groups (see also ethnicities listed at Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region) .

• In Somalia: the Somali

• In Sudan: the Beja, Fur, Nuba people, Fulani, Baggara people, among other Arab tribes

Afar (or Danakil) are a tribal people who reside principally in the Danakil Desert in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in Eritrea and Djibouti. ... The Bilen, Blin or Bilin are an African ethnic group of south-central Eritrea, in and around the city of Keren, and south toward Asmara, the capital city. ... Afar (or Danakil) are a tribal people who reside principally in the Danakil Desert in the Afar Region of Ethiopia and in Eritrea and Djibouti. ... The Hedareb people include the Beni-Amer people who have retained the use of the Beja language, To-Bedawi (Hedareb). ... This article or section needs to be updated. ... The Beja people are an ethnic group dwelling parts of North-Eastern and Eastern Africa including the area of the Horn of Africa. ... The Kunama are an ethnic group living in Eritrea and Ethiopia, making up only 2 percent of the population of Eritrea, where they are one of the smallest ethnic groups. ... The Nara are an ethnic group living in Eritrea and make up less than 1% of the population. ... The Saho are an ethnic group living largely in the Southern and Northern Red Sea regions of Eritrea, but some also live in adjacent parts of Ethiopia. ... The Rashaida are a nomadic people in Sudan (68,000) and Eritrea (225,000). ... The Tigre are an ethnic group of Eritrea who speak the Tigre language. ... The Tigray-Tigrinya are an ethnic group who live in Eritrea and the northern highlands of Ethiopias Tigray province. ... The Jeberti (also spelled Jabarti, Jaberti, Jebarti) are a Tigrinya- and Arabic-speaking group mostly found in Eritrea with a wider diaspora community in neighboring countries, primarily in the Arabian Peninsula. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Amhara (አማራ) is an ethnic group in the central highlands of Ethiopia, numbering about 21 million, making up around 30% of the countrys population (estimates differ). ... The Agaw are a people of Ethiopia. ... The Gurage are an ethnic group in Ethiopia. ... The Hammer (also spelled Hamar) are a tribal people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region of Ethiopia. ... Harar (sometimes spelled Harrar, Hārer, or Harer) is an eastern city in Ethiopia, and the capital of the modern Harari ethno-political division (or kilil) of Ethiopia. ... For the language, see Oromo language. ... The Sidama are a tribal people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (SNNPR) of Ethiopia. ... The Tigray-Tigrinya are an ethnic group who live in Eritrea and the northern highlands of Ethiopias Tigray province. ... Flag of the SNNPR. Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples Region (often abbreviated as SNNPR) is one of the nine ethnic divisions (kililoch) of Ethiopia. ... The Beja people are an ethnic group dwelling parts of North-Eastern and Eastern Africa including the area of the Horn of Africa. ... Flag of the Fur national movement The Fur (fòòrà in Fur, فور in Arabic) are a people of the western Sudan, numbering about 0. ... Nuba is a collective term used for the peoples who inhabit the Nuba Mountains, in Kordofan province, Sudan, Africa. ... Categories: Africa-related stubs | Burkina Faso | Cameroon | Ethnic groups of Africa | Fulani Empire | Mali | Nigeria ... The Baggara or Baqqarah (Arabic: البقارة) are a nomadic Bedouin people inhabiting Africa from between Lake Chad and the Nile, in the states of Sudan (particularly Darfur), Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Nigeria, and the Central African Republic. ...

Economy

States of the region depend largely on a few key exports:

• Sudan: Cotton 50% of total exports.
• Ethiopia: Coffee 80% of total exports.
• Somalia: Bananas and livestock over 50% of total exports.

Cotton ready for harvest. ... A cup of coffee Workers sorting and pulping coffee beans in Guatemala Mature coffee fruit still on the plant Coffee is a widely consumed beverage prepared from the roasted seeds — commonly referred to as beans — of the coffee plant. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Sheep are commonly bred as livestock. ...

Ecology

Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi)

The Horn of Africa is a UNESCO Biodiversity Hotspot and one of the two entirely arid ones. However the Horn of Africa suffers largely from overgrazing and only 5% of its original habitat still remains. On Socotra, another great threat is the development of infrastructure. File links The following pages link to this file: Grevys Zebra Categories: GFDL images ... File links The following pages link to this file: Grevys Zebra Categories: GFDL images ... Binomial name Equus grevyi Oustalet, 1882 Distribution of Equus grevyi The Grevys Zebra (Equus grevyi), sometimes known as the Imperial Zebra, is the largest species of zebra. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... // In the dictionary and agriculture, overgrazing is when plants are exposed to grazing for too long, or without sufficient recovery periods. ... Habitat (which is Latin for it inhabits) is the place where a particular species live and grow. ...

Fauna

About 220 mammals are found in the Horn of Africa. Among threatened species of the region, we find several antelopes such as the beira, the dibatag, the silver dikdik and the Speke’s gazelle. Other remarkable species include the Somali wild ass, the desert warthog, the Hamadryas Baboon, the Somali pygmy gerbil, the ammodile and the Speke’s pectinator. The Grevy's zebra is the unique wild equid of the region. Subclasses & Infraclasses Subclass †Allotheria* Subclass Prototheria Subclass Theria Infraclass †Trituberculata Infraclass Metatheria Infraclass Eutheria Mammals (class Mammalia) are warm-blooded, vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in female mammary glands and the presence of hair, three middle ear bones used in hearing, and a neocortex region in the... In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biodiversity. ... Genera Aepyceros Alcelaphus Antidorcas Antilope Cephalophus Connochaetes Damaliscus Gazella Hippotragus Kobus Madoqua Neotragus Oreotragus Oryx Ourebia Pantholops Procapra Sylvicapra Taurotragus Tragelaphus and others Antelope are herbivorous mammals of the family Bovidae, often noted for their horns. ... Binomial name Dorcatragus megalotis Menges, 1894 The Beira (Dorcatragus megalotis) is a small antelope that inhabits arid regions of Somalia, Djibouti and eastern Ethiopia. ... The dibatag, or Clarks gazelle, Ammodorcas clarkei, is an antelope found in sandy grasslands of Ethiopia and Somalia. ... Binomial name Madoqua piacentinii (Drake-Brockman, 1911) The Silver Dik-dik (Madoqua piacentinii) is a small antelope found in the Horn of Africa region, mostly coastal Somalia. ... Binomial name Gazella spekei Blyth, 1863 Spekes Gazelle (Gazella spekei) is the smallest of the gazelle species. ... Somali Wild Ass St. ... This article or section is missing needed references or citation of sources. ... Binomial name Papio hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758) The Hamadryas Baboon (Papio hamadryas) is a baboon from the Old World monkey family. ... Binomial name Equus grevyi Oustalet, 1882 Distribution of Equus grevyi The Grevys Zebra (Equus grevyi), sometimes known as the Imperial Zebra, is the largest species of zebra. ... Species - Donkey - Domestic Horse - Grevys Zebra - Onager - Przewalskis Horse - Plains Zebra - Mountain Zebra Equidae is the family of horse-like animals, order Perissodactyla. ...

Some important bird species of the Horn are the Bulo Burti boubou, the golden-winged grosbeak, the Warsangli linnet or the Djibouti francolin. “Aves” redirects here. ... Binomial name Laniarius liberatus (Smith, Arctander, Fjeldsa & Amir, 1991) The Bulo Burti Boubou (Laniarius liberatus) is a medium-sized passerine bird in the bushshrike family found 140 km inland on the Shabeelle river in central Somalia. ...

The Horn of Africa holds more endemic reptiles than anywhere else in Africa, with about 90 species over about 285 found exclusively here. Among endemic reptile genera, there are Haackgreerius, Haemodracon, Ditypophis, Pachycalamus or Aeluroglena. Half of these genera are uniquely found on Socotra. Unlike reptiles, amphibians are poorly represented in the region. In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ... Subclasses Anapsida Diapsida Synonyms Reptilia Laurenti, 1768 Reptiles are tetrapods and amniotes, animals whose embryos are surrounded by an amniotic membrane, and members of the class Sauropsida. ... Classification Genus Haackgreerius Haackgreerius miopus Categories: Skinks ... Classification of genus Haemodracon: Haemodracon riebeckii Haemodracon trachyrhinus Categories: Geckos ... Subclasses and Orders    Order Temnospondyli - extinct Subclass Lepospondyli - extinct Subclass Lissamphibia    Order Anura    Order Caudata    Order Gymnophiona Amphibians (class Amphibia; from Greek αμφις both and βιος life) are a taxon of animals that include all living tetrapods (four-legged vertebrates) that do not have amniotic eggs, are ectothermic (term for the animals...

There are about 100 species of freshwater fish in the Horn of Africa, about 10 of which are endemic. Among the endemic, we find the cave-dwelling Somali blind barb and the Somali cavefish. For the village on the Isle of Wight, see Freshwater, Isle of Wight. ... A giant grouper at the Georgia Aquarium Fish are aquatic vertebrates that are typically cold-blooded; covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. ...

Flora

It is estimated that about 5,000 species of vascular plants are found in the Horn, about half of which are endemic. Endemism is most developed in Socotra and Northern Somalia. The region has two endemic plant families: the Barbeyaceae and the Dirachmaceae. Among the other remarkable species, there are the cucumber tree found only on Socotra, the Bankoualé palm, the Yeheb nut or the Somali cyclamen. Divisions Non-seed-bearing plants Equisetophyta Lycopodiophyta Psilotophyta Pteridophyta Superdivision Spermatophyta Pinophyta Cycadophyta Ginkgophyta Gnetophyta Magnoliophyta The vascular plants are plants in the Kingdom Plantae (also called Viridiplantae) that have specialized tissues for conducting water. ... Map of the Socotra archipelago Socotra or Soqotra (Arabic سقطرى ; Suquá¹­ra) is a small archipelago of four islands and islets in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Somalia some 350 km south of the Arabian peninsula. ... In biological classification, family (Latin: familia, plural familiae) is 1) a rank or 2) a taxon in that rank. ... Binomial name Barbeya oleoides Schweinf Barbeya oleoides is the only species of its family (Barbeyaceae). ... Species Dirachma socotrana Dirachma somalensis Dirachma is the sole genus of the family Dirachmaceae. ... Binomial name Cordeauxia edulis Hemsley Cordeauxia edulis, also known as the yeeb, yeheb or jeheb nut is a species of tree from the monotypic genus Cordeauxia. ...

See also

• Conflicts in the Horn of Africa
• Geography of Africa
• History of Djibouti
• History of Eritrea
• History of Ethiopia
• History of Somalia
• History of Sudan
• Land of Punt
• Compare: Cape Horn, the southernmost point of South America

This article, image, template or category should belong in one or more categories. ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Maps of Africa Africa is a continent comprised of 61 political territories (including 53 countries), representing the largest of the three great southward projections from the main mass of Earths surface. ... The Republic of Djibouti gained its independence on June 27, 1977. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Somalia (Somali: Soomaaliya) is a coastal nation in East Africa, widely known as Horn of Africa. ... Sudan combines the lands of several ancient kingdoms. ... The Land of Punt, which the Ancient Egyptians called Ta Netjeru, meaning Land of the Gods, was a fabled and exotic site in eastern Africa, which carried on extensive trade with Ancient Egypt, China and Arabia. ... Cape Horn from the South. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ...

External links

• History of the Horn of Africa
• Horn of Africa News Agency
• WWF- Somali Acacia-Commiphora bushlands and thickets
• Horn of Africa Biodiversity Hotspot
• African Wild Dog Conservancy's Biodiversity Hotspots Page
• CIA World Factbook: Djibouti
• CIA World Factbook: Eritrea
• CIA World Factbook: Ethiopia
• CIA World Factbook: Somalia
• CIA World Factbook: Sudan
• A 'Child Alert' issued by UNICEF for the Horn of Africa
• Yemen Horn of Africa Link
• Combined Joint Task Force - Horn of Africa Official Website