|
The hominids are the members of the biological family Hominidae (the great apes), which includes humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans. Austrolopithecus africanus Hominid Reconstruction, sculpture by TONI WIRTS [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...
Species †A. afarensis(Lucy) †A. africanus †A. anamensis †A. bahrelghazali †A. garhi Formerly Australopithecus, now Paranthropus †††The gracile australopithecines (members of the genus Australopithecus) are a group of extinct hominids that are closely related to humans. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms (as opposed to folk taxonomy). ...
Phyla Animals are a major group of organisms, classified as the kingdom Animalia or MetaÂzoa. ...
Typical Classes Subphylum Urochordata - Tunicates Ascidiacea Thaliacea Larvacea Subphylum Cephalochordata - Lancelets Subphylum Myxini - Hagfishes Subphylum Vertebrata - Vertebrates Petromyzontida - Lampreys Placodermi (extinct) Chondrichthyes - Cartilaginous fishes Acanthodii (extinct) Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fishes Actinistia - Coelacanths Dipnoi - Lungfishes Amphibia - Amphibians Reptilia - Reptiles Aves - Birds Mammalia - Mammals Chordates (phylum Chordata) include the vertebrates, together with...
Orders The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the presence of mammary glands, which in females produce milk for the nourishment of young; the presence of hair or fur; and endothermic or warm-blooded bodies. ...
Families 15, See classification A primate (L. prima, first) is any member of the biological order Primates, the group that contains all the species commonly related to the lemurs, monkeys, and apes, with the latter category including humans. ...
Families Cercopithecidae Hylobatidae Hominidae Catarrhini is the unranked group of the Primates, one of the three major divisions of the suborder Haplorrhini. ...
Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, including humans. ...
John Edward Gray. ...
1825 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
In biology, a genus (plural genera) is a taxonomic grouping. ...
For the chess opening, see Sokolsky Opening. ...
For the chess opening, see Sokolsky Opening. ...
Type Species Simia pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 Species Pongo pygmaeus Pongo abelii The orangutans are two species of great apes with long arms and reddish, sometimes brown, hair native to Malaysia and Indonesia. ...
Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Categories: Animal stubs | Early hominids ...
Genera Gorilla Pan (chimpanzees) Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees. ...
Type Species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ...
Type Species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ...
Type Species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 Species Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ...
Type Species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 Species Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ...
Species Homo sapiens sapiens See text for extinct species. ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
Scientific classification or biological classification refers to how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ...
Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, including humans. ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
Type Species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 Species Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ...
Type Species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ...
Type Species Simia pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 Species Pongo pygmaeus Pongo abelii The orangutans are two species of great apes with long arms and reddish, sometimes brown, hair native to Malaysia and Indonesia. ...
This classification has been revised several times in the last few decades. Originally, the group was restricted to humans and their extinct relatives, with the other great apes being placed in a separate family, the Pongidae. This definition is still used by many anthropologists and by lay people. However, that definition makes Pongidae paraphyletic, whereas most taxonomists nowadays encourage monophyletic groups. Thus many biologists consider Hominidae to include Pongidae as the subfamily Ponginae, or restrict the latter to the orangutan and extinct relatives like Gigantopithecus. The taxonomy shown here follows the monophyletic groupings. Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, including humans. ...
In biology and ecology, extinction is the ceasing of existence of a species or group of species. ...
See Anthropology. ...
In religious organizations, the laity comprises all lay persons collectively. ...
Paraphyletic - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...
In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ...
A biologist is a scientist devoted to and producing results in biology through the study of organisms. ...
For the chess opening, see Sokolsky Opening. ...
Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus was a genus of ape that existed from as long ago as 5 million years ago and as recently as 100 thousand years ago in what is today the countries of China and India. ...
Especially close human relatives form a subfamily, the Homininae. Some researchers go so far as to include chimpanzees and gorillas in the genus Homo along with humans, but most genetic evidence suggests the relationships as shown here. ...
Genera Gorilla Pan (chimpanzees) Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees. ...
Species Homo sapiens sapiens See text for extinct species. ...
Many extinct hominids have been studied to help understand the relationship between modern humans and the other extant hominids. Some of the extinct members of this family include Gigantopithecus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus, Kenyanthropus, and the australopithecines Australopithecus and Paranthropus. Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus was a genus of ape that existed from as long ago as 5 million years ago and as recently as 100 thousand years ago in what is today the countries of China and India. ...
Binomial name Orrorin tugenensis Orrorin tugenensis is an extinct species of hominin that is closely related to humans and is the only species classified in genus Orrorin. ...
Species Ardipithecus kadabba Ardipithecus ramidus Ardipithecus is a very early hominid genus (subfamily Homininae). ...
Kenyanthropus is a possible hominid genus acording to some paleoanthropologists. ...
This term australopithecine refers to two very closely related hominin genera: Australopithecus Paranthropus When used alone, the term refers to both genera together. ...
Species †A. afarensis(Lucy) †A. africanus †A. anamensis †A. bahrelghazali †A. garhi Formerly Australopithecus, now Paranthropus †††The gracile australopithecines (members of the genus Australopithecus) are a group of extinct hominids that are closely related to humans. ...
Species †Paranthropus aethiopicus †Paranthropus boisei †Paranthropus robustus The robust australopithecines, members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus, were bipedal hominins that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominins (Australopithecus). ...
The exact criteria for membership in the Homininae are not clear, but the family generally includes those species who share more than 97% of their DNA with the modern human genome, and exhibit a capacity for language and for simple cultures beyond the family or band. The theory of mind, providing the capacity to lie convincingly, is a controversial criterion distinguishing the adult human alone among the hominids. Humans acquire this capacity at about four and a half years of age, whereas the bonobo, gorilla and chimpanzee never seem to do so. However, without the ability to test whether early members of the Homininae (such as Homo erectus, Homo neanderthalensis, or even the australopithecines) had a theory of mind, it is difficult to ignore similarities seen in their living cousins. Despite an apparent lack of real culture and significant physiological and psychological differences, some say that the orangutan may also satisfy these criteria. These scientific debates take on political significance for advocates of Great Ape personhood. In biology, a species is the basic unit of biodiversity. ...
The general structure of a section of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid —usually in the form of a double helix— that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life, and most viruses. ...
In biology the genome of an organism is the whole hereditary information of an organism that is encoded in the DNA (or, for some viruses, RNA). ...
The word culture, from the Latin colo, -ere, with its root meaning to cultivate, generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Subspecies †Homo erectus palaeojavanicus †Homo erectus soloensis Homo erectus (upright man) is a hominin species that is believed to be an ancestor of modern humans (with Homo heidelbergensis usually treated as an intermediary step). ...
Binomial name Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 The Neanderthal or Neandertal was a species of genus Homo (Homo neanderthalensis) that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago (in the Middle Palaeolithic, early Stone Age). ...
Advocates of Great Ape personhood consider common chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans (the hominid apes) to be persons. ...
In 2002, a 6–7 million year old fossil skull nicknamed "Toumaï" by its discoverers, and formally classified as Sahelanthropus tchadensis, was discovered in Chad and is possibly the earliest hominid fossil ever found. In addition to its age, Toumaï, unlike the 3–4 million year younger gracile australopithecine dubbed "Lucy", has a relatively flat face without the prominent snout seen on other pre-Homo hominids. Some researchers have made the suggestion that this previously unknown species may in fact be a direct ancestor of modern humans (or at least closely related to a direct ancestor). Others contend that one fossil is not enough to make such a claim because it would overturn the conclusions of over 100 years of anthropological study. A report on this finding was published in the journal Nature on July 11, 2002. While some scientists claim that it is merely the skull of a female gorilla, others have called it the most important hominin fossil since Australopithecus. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
A fossil Ammonite Fossils (from Latin fossus, literally having been dug up) are the mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. ...
A hippopotamus skull A skull, or cranium, is a bony structure of Craniates which serves as the general framework for a head. ...
Binomial name Sahelanthropus tchadensis Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an early fossil hominid, approximately 7 million years old from the Miocene. ...
A fossil Ammonite Fossils (from Latin fossus, literally having been dug up) are the mineralized or otherwise preserved remains or traces (such as footprints) of animals, plants, and other organisms. ...
[[{{{diversity_link}}}|Diversity]] {{{diversity}}} Binomial name {{{binomial}}} Trinomial name {{{trinomial}}} Type Species {{{type_species}}} Species A. afarensis (Lucy) A. africanus A. anamensis A. bahrelghazali A. garhi Formerly Australopithecus, now Paranthropus [[Image:{{{range_map}}}|{{{range_map_width}}}|]] Synonyms {{{synonyms}}} The gracile australopithecines (members of the genus Australopithecus) are a group of extinct hominids that are closely...
Binomial name †Australopithecus afarensis Johanson & White, 1978 Australopithecus afarensis is a hominid which lived between 3. ...
Species Homo sapiens sapiens See text for extinct species. ...
Anthropology (from the Greek word άνθÏωπος, human or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). ...
First title page, November 4, 1869 Nature is one of the oldest and most reputable scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. ...
July 11 is the 192nd day (193rd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 173 days remaining. ...
For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ...
In addition to the Tourmai fossil, US genome experts believe that the species associated with the chimpanzees and proto-humans split interbred over a long period of time, swapping genes, before making a final separation. A paper, whose authors include David Reich and Eric Lander (Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)), was published in journal Nature in May 2006. First title page, November 4, 1869 Nature is one of the oldest and most reputable scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. ...
It is generally believed that the Pan/Homo split occurred about 6.5–7.4 million years ago, but the molecular clock (a method of calculating evolution based on the speed at which genes mutate) suggests the genera split 5.4–6.3 million years ago. Previous studies looked at average genetic differences between human and chimp. The new study compares the ages of key sequences of genes of modern humans and modern chimps. Some sequences are younger than others, indicating that chimps and humans gradually split apart over a period of 4 million years. The youngest human chromosome is the X sex chromosome which is about 1.2 million years more recent than the 22 autosomes. The X chromosome is known to be vulnerable to selective pressure. Its age suggests there was an initial split between the two species, followed by gradual divergence and interbreeding that resulted in younger genes, and then a final separation. The molecular clock (based on the molecular clock hypothesis (MCH)) is a technique in genetics, which researchers use to date when two species diverged. ...
Classification
 Skulls of an orangutan and a gorilla - Family Hominidae: humans and other great apes; extinct genera and species excluded.[1]
In addition to the extant species and subspecies above, archaeologists, paleontologists, and anthropologists have discovered numerous extinct species. The list below are some of the genera of those discoveries. Image File history File links Hominidae. ...
Image File history File links Hominidae. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Orang. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Orang. ...
Type Species Simia pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 Species Pongo pygmaeus Pongo abelii The orangutans are two species of great apes with long arms and reddish, sometimes brown, hair native to Malaysia and Indonesia. ...
Type Species Simia pygmaeus Linnaeus, 1760 Species Pongo pygmaeus Pongo abelii The orangutans are two species of great apes with long arms and reddish, sometimes brown, hair native to Malaysia and Indonesia. ...
The Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) is the rarest of the 2 species of orangutan. ...
Genera Gorilla Pan (chimpanzees) Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees. ...
Type Species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ...
Type Species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ...
Binomial name Gorilla gorilla Savage, 1847 Subspecies G. g. ...
Trinomial name Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Savage, 1847) The Western Lowland Gorilla is a subspecies of the Western Gorilla that lives in montane, primary, and secondary forests and lowland swamps throughout all or parts of Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon. ...
Trinomial name Gorilla gorilla diehli (Matschie, 1904) The Cross River Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla diehli) is a subspecies of the Western Gorilla (Gorilla gorilla) that can be found on the border between Nigeria and Cameroon, in both tropical and subtropical broadleaf forests. ...
Binomial name Gorilla beringei Matschie, 1903 Subspecies G. b. ...
Trinomial name Gorilla berengei berengei Matschie, 1914 The Mountain Gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) is one of two subspecies of Eastern Gorillas. ...
Trinomial name Gorilla beringei graueri (Matschie, 1914) The Eastern Lowland Gorilla (Gorilla beringei graueri) is a subspecies of Eastern Gorilla that is now only found in the forests of eastern Congo. ...
Genera Subtribe Paninina Pan (chimpanzees) Subtribe Hominina Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Orrorin (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that only includes humans (Homo), chimpanzees (Pan), and their extinct ancestors. ...
Type Species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 Species Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ...
Binomial name Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775) The Common Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also known as the Robust Chimpanzee, is a great ape. ...
Binomial name Pan troglodytes (Blumenbach, 1775) The Common Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes), also known as the Robust Chimpanzee, is a great ape. ...
Binomial name Pan paniscus Schwarz, 1929 The Bonobo (Pan paniscus), until recently usually called the Pygmy Chimpanzee and less often the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee, is one of the two species comprising the chimpanzee genus, Pan. ...
Species Homo sapiens sapiens See text for extinct species. ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
Archaeology or sometimes in American English archeology (from the Greek words αρχαίος = ancient and λόγος = word/speech) is the study of human cultures through the recovery, documentation and analysis of material remains, including architecture, artefacts, biofacts, human remains, and landscapes. ...
A paleontologist carefully chips rock from a column of dinosaur vertebrae. ...
See Anthropology. ...
For the chess opening, see Sokolsky Opening. ...
Species Gigantopithecus blacki Gigantopithecus bilaspurensis Gigantopithecus was a genus of ape that existed from as long ago as 5 million years ago and as recently as 100 thousand years ago in what is today the countries of China and India. ...
Species Sivapithecus indicus Sivapithecus ramapithecus Sivapithecus kenyapithecus Sivapithecus ouranopithecus Sivapithecus is the genus of extinct primates, any one of its species may have been the ancestor to the modern orangutans. ...
Genera Gorilla Pan (chimpanzees) Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Homininae is a subfamily of Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and some extinct relatives, as well as the gorillas and the chimpanzees. ...
Species Homo sapiens sapiens See text for extinct species. ...
This article is about modern humans. ...
Species †Paranthropus aethiopicus †Paranthropus boisei †Paranthropus robustus The robust australopithecines, members of the extinct hominin genus Paranthropus, were bipedal hominins that probably descended from the gracile australopithecine hominins (Australopithecus). ...
Species †A. afarensis(Lucy) †A. africanus †A. anamensis †A. bahrelghazali †A. garhi Formerly Australopithecus, now Paranthropus †††The gracile australopithecines (members of the genus Australopithecus) are a group of extinct hominids that are closely related to humans. ...
Binomial name Sahelanthropus tchadensis Sahelanthropus tchadensis is an early fossil hominid, approximately 7 million years old. ...
Binomial name Orrorin tugenensis Orrorin tugenensis is an extinct species of hominin that is closely related to humans and is the only species classified in genus Orrorin. ...
Species Ardipithecus kadabba Ardipithecus ramidus Ardipithecus is a very early hominid genus (subfamily Homininae). ...
Kenyanthropus is a possible hominid genus acording to some paleoanthropologists. ...
See also Image File history File links Commons-logo. ...
The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
Image File history File links Commons-logo-Anaglyph. ...
The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ...
GFDL Wikispecies logo File links The following pages link to this file: Solanaceae Species Asterias Homo (genus) Human Wikipedia:Template messages/Links Wikipedia:Template messages/All Homo floresiensis User talk:Tuneguru Template:Wikispecies Categories: GFDL images ...
The Wikispecies logo Wikispecies is a project supported by the Wikimedia Foundation that anybody can edit. ...
Image File history File links Wikibooks-logo-en. ...
This article or section is missing references or citation of sources. ...
Ape extinction, particularly great ape extinction, is one of the most widely held biodiversity concerns. ...
The Great Ape Project, founded by Italian philosopher Paola Cavalieri and Australian philosopher Peter Singer, is campaigning to have the United Nations endorse a Declaration on Great Apes. ...
Human evolution is a multidisciplinary scientific inquiry which seeks to understand and describe the origin and development of humanity. ...
Evolutionary neuroscience is a young field which awaits a general unified theory of neuroscience in order for its full integration into the accepted framework of evolutionary biology. ...
This timeline of human evolution shows the sequence of events and species from the separation of our evolutionary branch from that of the other living great apes. ...
Research into non-human Great Ape language has generated a great deal of evidence suggesting that apes are capable of using sophisticated communication with humans and other apes. ...
The Great Ape Project aims to expand moral equality to great apes, and to foster greater understanding of them by humans. ...
This is a list of apes of encyclopedic interest. ...
In the field of animal cognition, the premise of David Premacks and Ann James Premacks 1983 book, The Mind of an Ape ISBN 0-393-01581-5 is that It is possible to teach language to an ape. ...
A Great Ape research ban, or severe restrictions on the use of non-human great apes in research, is currently in place in the Netherlands, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Germany and Japan, and has been proposed in Austria. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
References - ^ a b Groves, Colin (November 16, 2005). Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds) Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, 181-184, Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
Dr Colin Groves is a Professor of Biological Anthropology at the Australian National University in Canberra, Australia. ...
External links |
Feeds |
Contact