It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Hip Hop music. (Discuss)

Breakdance, an early form of hip hop dance, often involves battles, showing off skills without any physical contact with the adversaries.

Hip hop is both a cultural movement and a genre of music developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily by African Americans. .^[1]. Since first emerging in The Bronx and Harlem^[2], the lifestyle of hip hop culture has today spread around the world.^[3] Image File history File links Merge-arrow. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2544 × 1696 pixel, file size: 899 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Breakdance Hip hop dance Metadata This... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (2544 × 1696 pixel, file size: 899 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Breakdance Hip hop dance Metadata This... A boy hitting (holding) a pike Breakdance (media coined phrase), also known as breaking, b-girling or b-boying, is a street dance style that evolved as part of the hip hop movement that originated among African American youths in the South Bronx of New York City during the early... Hip hop dance refers to dance styles, mainly street dance styles, primarily danced to hip hop music, or that have evolved as a part of the hip hop culture. ... A girl hip hop dancing, a very broad and common category of street dance. ... Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... New York, New York and NYC redirect here. ... African Americans, also known as Afro-Americans or black Americans, are an ethnic group in the United States of America whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Sub-Saharan and West Africa. ... Bronx redirects here. ... For other uses, see Harlem (disambiguation). ... Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ...

The four historic "elements" of hip hop are: MCing (rapping), DJing, urban inspired art/tagging (graffiti), and b-boying (or breakdancing). The most known "extended" elements are beatboxing, hip hop fashion, and hip hop slang. MasterCard logo Manchaster Town Hall MC can mean: Mini Cooper: Macao: FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code Machine, (also m/c) Manchester, England (also m/c) Mariah Carey, American songstress Marginal cost Marin Catholic Master cylinder Master of Ceremonies Rapper (also emcee), or a prefix for the names of rappers... Rap redirects here. ... For other meanings of DJ, see DJ (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Graffiti (disambiguation). ... Hip hop is a cultural movement that began amongst urban African American youth in New York and has since spread around the world. ... A breakdancer performing a one-handed freeze (also known as a pike) in the streets of Paris. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Faada Freddy of the Senegalese rap crew Daara J in Germany, 2005. ... For other uses, see Slang (disambiguation). ...

When hip hop music developed in the 1970s, it was originally based around DJs who created rhythmic beats by "scratching" a record on one turntable while looping the break (an upbeat drum and rhythm phrase of a song often found in soul and funk music) of various records on another, which was later joined by the "rapping" (a rhythmic style of chanting) of MCs. For other meanings of DJ, see DJ (disambiguation). ... DJ Mixer. ... MasterCard logo Manchaster Town Hall MC can mean: Mini Cooper: Macao: FIPS PUB 10-4 territory code Machine, (also m/c) Manchester, England (also m/c) Mariah Carey, American songstress Marginal cost Marin Catholic Master cylinder Master of Ceremonies Rapper (also emcee), or a prefix for the names of rappers...

Etymology

The word "hip" was used as African American Vernacular English (AAVE) as early as 1904. The colloquial language meant "informed" or "current," and was likely derived from the earlier form hep. Hip hop pioneer and South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa credits the first use of the term "Hip Hop," as it relates to the instant culture, to Lovebug Starski a Bronx DJ who put out a single called "The Positive Life" in 1981.^[4] Hip is a slang term, an adjective meaning fashionably current, referring to someone who is conversant with or deeply involved in a particular trend or subject. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Afrika Bambaataa is a DJ and community leader from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the early development of hip hop throughout the 1970s. ... Lovebug Starski is an American hip hop artist and one of the pioneers of the form. ...

Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins, a rapper with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five has been credited with the coining of the term hip hop in a musical sense as it is today. Though Lovebug Starski, Keith Cowboy, and DJ Hollywood used the term when the music was still known as disco rap, Cowboy claimed to have "created" the term while teasing a friend who had just joined the US Army, by scat singing the words "hip/hop/hip/hop" in a way that mimicked the rhythmic cadence of marching soldiers.^[5] Cowboy later worked the "hip hop" cadence into a part of his stage performance, which was quickly copied by other artists; for example the opening of the song "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang.^[5] DJ Grandmaster Flash was one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. ... Lovebug Starski is an American hip hop artist and one of the pioneers of the form. ... DJ Hollywood (born December 10, 1954) is an American old school hip hop DJ and rapper. ... This article is about the music genre. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Rhythm (disambiguation). ... Rappers Delight is a 1979 single by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang; it was one of the first hip hop hit singles. ... The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop and funk group, known mostly for their biggest hit, Rappers Delight, the first hip hop single to become a Top 40 hit. ...

Bambaataa, a former Black Spades gang member, is credited with first using the term to describe the subculture that hip hop music belongs to, although it is also suggested that the term was originally used derisively against the new type of music. ^[6] To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a set of people with a set of behaviors and beliefs, culture, which could be distinct or hidden, that differentiate them from the larger culture to which they belong. ...

History

Main article: History of hip hop music

// In hip hop music, people individually and separately vocalize over beats, instrumental tracks, usually consisting of repeated phrases. ...

1970s

DJs: rhythmic grooves from the turntable

In the early 1970s, Clive Campbell, a Jamaican born DJ who went by the name "Kool Herc," arrived in New York City. In Jamaica, Herc was known for his dancehall beats, a key component to the movement of music in NYC and the Bronx. This idea of dancehall had nothing to do with where the music was played, but more of a feeling of getting the people of Kingston, Jamaica to get on their feet and dance. This music, known as reggae, became a staple in the new music made in the Bronx. ^[7] Herc introduced the Jamaican tradition of toasting, or boasting impromptu poetry and sayings over Reggae, Disco and Funk records, during parties held in parks in the Bronx, New York. DJ or dj may stand for Disc jockey, dinner jacket The DeadJournal website, or Djibouti. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ... Toasting, chatting, or DJing is the act of talking or chanting over a rhythm or beat. ... Reggae is a music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s. ... This article is about the music genre. ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... The Bronx is one of the five boroughs of United States. ...

Herc and other DJs would tap into the power lines at public basketball courts to connect their equipment and perform. Their equipment was composed of huge stacks of speakers, turntables, and one or more microphones.^[8] Herc was also the developer of break-beat deejaying, where the breaks of funk songs—the part most suited to dance, usually percussion-based—were isolated and repeated for the purpose of all-night dance parties. For other uses, see Break. ... DJ or dj may stand for Disc jockey, dinner jacket The DeadJournal website, or Djibouti. ... For other uses, including related musical genres, see Funk (disambiguation). ... Percussion redirects here. ...

Later DJs such as Grandmaster Flash refined and developed the use of breakbeats, including cutting and scratching.^[9] The Bronx building "where hip hop was born" is 1520 Sedgwick Avenue, where Kool Herc started spinning records,^[10] and is now eligible to be listed on the national and state register of historic sites. The approach used by Herc was soon widely copied, and by the late 1970s DJs were releasing 12" records where they would rap to the beat. Popular tunes included Kurtis Blow's "The Breaks (song)", and The Sugar Hill Gang's "Rapper's Delight." Grandmaster Flash (born Joseph Saddler on January 1, 1958 in Barbados) is a hip hop musician and DJ; one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. ... Scratching is a DJ or turntablist technique used to produce sounds for some types of music. ... For the record label, see 12 Inch Records. ... Kurtis Blow (born Curtis Walker, 9 August 1959, Harlem, New York) is one of the first commercially successful rappers and the first to sign with a major label. ... The Breaks is a critically acclaimed 1980 hit single for Kurtis Blow and one the earliest hip-hop hits. ... The Sugarhill Gang is an American hip hop group, known mostly for one hit, Rappers Delight, the first hip hop single to become a Top 40 hit. ... Rappers Delight is a 1979 single by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang; it was one of the first hip hop hit singles. ...

Rapping and emceeing

Main article: Rapping

Emceeing is the rhythmic spoken delivery of rhymes and wordplay, delivered over a beat or without accompaniment. Rapping is derived from the griots (folk poets) of West Africa, and Caribbean-style toasting. Rap developed both inside and outside of hip hop culture, and began with the street parties thrown in the Bronx neighborhood of New York in the 1970s by Kool Herc and others. It originated as MCs would talk over the music to promote their DJ, promote other dance parties, take light-hearted jabs at other lyricists, or talk about problems in their areas and issues facing the community as a whole. Rap redirects here. ... Rapping is one of the elements of hip hop and the distinguishing feature of hip hop music; it is a form of rhyming lyrics spoken rhythmically over musical instruments, with a musical backdrop of sampling, scratching and mixing by DJs. ... For other uses, see Rhythm (disambiguation). ... A rhyme is a repetition of identical or similar sounds in two or more different words and is most often used in poetry and song. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Rap redirects here. ... This page is about the West African poets. ... Africa is a large and diverse continent, consisting of dozens of countries, hundreds of languages and thousands of races, tribes and ethnic groups. ... The music of the Caribbean is a diverse grouping of musical genres. ... Toasting, chatting, or DJing is the act of talking or chanting over a rhythm or beat. ... Categories: People stubs | Hip hop musicians | Hip hop DJs | 1955 births ...

Melle Mel, a rapper/lyricist with The Furious Five is often credited with being the first rap lyricist to call himself an "MC".^[11] Melle Mel (born Melvin Glover on May 15, 1962 in Bronx, New York ) is a hip-hop musician, one of the pioneers of old school hip hop as a lyricist & as lead rapper of Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five. ... Album cover of The Official Adventures of Grandmaster Flash DJ Grandmaster Flash (born Joseph Saddler on January 1, 1958 in Barbados) is a hip hop musician and DJ; one of the pioneers of hip-hop DJing, cutting, and mixing. ...

1980s

Hip hop as a culture was further defined in 1983, when Afrika Bambaataa and the Soulsonic Force released a track called "Planet Rock." Instead of simply rapping over disco beats, Bambaataa created an innovative electronic sound, taking advantage of the rapidly improving drum machine and synthesizer technology. The appearance of music videos changed entertainment: they often glorified urban neighborhoods.^[12]. The music video for Planet Rock showcased the subculture of hip hop musicians, graffiti artists and breakdancers. Many hip hop-related films were released between 1983 and 1985, among them Wild Style, Beat Street, Krush Groove, Breakin, and the documentary Style Wars. This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Synth redirects here. ... A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music, most commonly a song. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... For other uses, see Wild Style (disambiguation). ... Beat Street is a 1984 mainstream hip hop dramatic feature film, and the second following Breakin. It is set in New York City during the popularity rise of hip hop culture in the early 1980s. ... Krush Groove (1985) Directed by Michael Schultz In this movie based on the early days of Def Jam Recordings, up-and-coming manager Russell Simmons has all the hottest acts on the record label Krush Groove records, including Run-D.M.C., Dr. Jekyll & Mr. ... This article is about the 1984 movie; for other breakin or breaking references see breaking. ... Style Wars is an early documentary on hip hop culture, made by Tony Silver and Henry Chalfant, made in New York City in the early 1980s. ...

These films expanded the appeal of hip hop beyond the boundaries of New York. By 1985, youth worldwide were laying down scrap linoleum or cardboard, setting down portable "boombox" stereos and spinning on their backs in Adidas tracksuits and sneakers to music by Run DMC, LL Cool J, the Fat Boys, Herbie Hancock, EPMD, Soulsonic Force, Jazzy Jay, Dr. Jeckyll and Mr. Hyde, and Stetsasonic, just to name a few. The hip hop artwork and "slang" of US urban communities quickly found its way to Europe and Asia, as the culture's global appeal took root. A linoleum kitchen floor Linoleum is a floor covering made from solidified linseed oil (linoxyn) in combination with wood flour or cork dust over a burlap or canvas backing. ... Run-DMC is a hip hop crew founded by Jason Jam Master Jay Mizell that included Joseph Run Simmons and Darryl DMC McDaniels. ... James Todd Smith III (born January 14, 1968), better known as LL Cool J, is an American hip hop artist and actor. ... The Fat Boys were a hip hop trio of rappers from Brooklyn who emerged in the early 1980s. ... Herbert Jeffrey Hancock (born April 12, 1940 in Chicago, Illinois) is an Academy Award and Grammy award-winning American jazz pianist and composer. ... Jazzy Jay (b. ... Stetsasonic, appearing on the cover of their debut album, On Fire Stetsasonic was an American hip hop group formed in 1981 (see 1981 in music) in Brooklyn, New York. ...

The 1980s also saw many artists make social statements through hip hop. In 1982, Melle Mel and Duke Bootee recorded "The Message" (officially credited to Grandmaster Flash & The Furious Five), a song that foreshadowed the socially conscious statements of Run-DMC's "It's like That" and Public Enemy's "Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos."^[13] Run-DMC is a famous hip hop crew founded by Jason Mizell (Jam Master Jay) and includes Joseph Run Simmons and Darryl DMC McDaniels, all from Hollis, Queens. ... Its Like That (Thats Just The Way It Is) originally debuted in 1983 along with Sucker M.C.s back to back on a cassette. ... Public Enemy, also known as PE, is a hip hop group from Long Island, New York, known for their politically charged lyrics, criticism of the media, and active interest in the concerns of the African American community. ... Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos is a song by the American political rap group Public Enemy from their 1988 sophomore album, It Takes a Nation of Millions to Hold Us Back. ...

During the 1980s, hip hop also embraced the creation of rhythm by using the human body, via the vocal percussion technique of beatboxing. Early pioneers such as Doug E. Fresh, Biz Markie, and Buffy from the Fat Boys made beats, rhythm, and musical sounds using their mouth, lips, tongue, voice, and other body parts. "Human Beatbox" artists would also sing or imitate turntablism scratching or other instrument sounds. Vocal percussion is the art of creating sounds with ones mouth that approximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the same purpose as a percussion instrument, whether in a group of singers, an instrumental ensemble, or solo. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Doug E. Fresh is the stage name of Douglas E. Davis (born September 17, 1966), an American rapper, record producer, and beatboxer—hes also known as The Human Beatbox. ... Biz Markie (born Marcel Hall April 8, 1964 in Harlem, New York) is a rapper and DJ, best known for humorous singles such as Just a Friend. He has been labeled The Clown Prince of Hip-Hop. ... The Fat Boys were a hip hop trio of rappers from Brooklyn who emerged in the early 1980s. ... Look up sing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... DJ Mixer. ...

Legacy and Social Impact

Main article: Hip hop culture

Early hip hop has often been credited with helping to reduce inner-city gang violence by replacing physical violence with dance and artwork battles. In the early 1970s, Kool DJ Herc began organizing dance parties in his home in the Bronx. The parties became popular and were moved to outdoor venues to accommodate for the amount of people attending. City teenagers, after years of gang violence, were looking for new ways to express themselves. ^[14] These outdoor parties, hosted in parks, became a means of expression and an outlet for teenagers, where “Instead of getting into trouble on the streets, teens now had a place to expend their pent-up energy.” ^[15] Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ...

Tony Tone, a member of the pioneering rap group the Cold Crush Brothers, noted that “Hip-hop saved a lot of lives.”^[16] Hip hop culture became an outlet and a way of dealing with the hardships of life as minorities within America, and an outlet to deal with violence and gang culture. MC Kid Lucky mentions that “people used to break-dance against each other instead of fighting.”^[17] Inspired by Kool DJ Herc, once-gang leader Afrika Bambaataa created a street organization called Universal Zulu Nation, centered around hip hop, as a means to draw teenagers out of gang life and violence.^[18] The Universal Zulu Nation, originally known simply as The Organization, is an international hip hop awareness group, which arose among reformed street gang members in New York City in the 1970s, formed and headed by hip hop music pioneer Afrika Bambaataa. ...

Hip-hop was not only centered around violence, drugs, and weapons like most people thought in the early days. Many people used hip-hop in positive ways. "Young black Americans coming out of the civil rights movement have used hip-hop culture in the 1980s and 1990s to show the limitations of the movement."^[19] Hip-hop gave young black Americans a voice to let their issues be noticed. It also gave young blacks a chance for financial gain by "reducing the rest of the world to consumers of its social concerns."^[20]

This shows that hip-hop's social impacts on the country have not been all negative. It has positively affected many youth and encouraged them to voice their opinions on world and personal issues. "Like rock-and-roll, hip hop is vigorously oppose by conservatives because it romanticises violence, law-breaking, and gangs" ^[21]. Both hip hop and rock-and-roll were musical movements use by teens in order to express how they felt about certain issues. "Last night at the Waldorf-Astoria, Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, who proved that hip-hop was more than party music with their 1982 hit “The Message,” became the first hip-hop group to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame" ^[22] Now hip hop and rock-and-roll are used together in many ways including rewriting songs where a rapper or rock band play with the other.

With the emergence of commercial and crime-related rap during the early 1990s, however, an emphasis on violence was incorporated, with many rappers boasting about drugs, weapons, misogyny, and violence. While hip hop music now appeals to a broader demographic, media critics argue that socially and politically conscious hip hop has long been disregarded by mainstream America in favor of gangsta rap.^[23] For the Ice T album, see Gangsta Rap (album). ...

Though created in the United States by African Americans and Latinos, hip hop culture and music is now global in scope. Youth culture and opinion is meted out in both Israeli hip hop and Palestinian hip hop, while France, Germany, the U.K., Brazil, Japan, Africa, and the Caribbean have long-established hip hop followings. According to the U.S. Department of State, hip hop is "now the center of a mega music and fashion industry around the world," that crosses social barriers and cuts across racial lines.^[24] National Geographic recognizes hip hop as "the world's favorite youth culture" in which "just about every country on the planet seems to have developed its own local rap scene."^[25] Through its international travels, hip hop is now acknowledged as a “global musical epidemic,”^[26] and has diverged from its ethnic roots by way of globalization and localization. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Palestinian hip hop supposedly started in 1998 with Tamer Nafars group DAM[1]. These Palestinian youth forged the new Palestinian musical sub-genre, which blends Arabic melodies and hip hop beats. ... British Hip Hop is a genre of music, and a culture that covers a variety of styles of rap music made in the United Kingdom. ... Hip hop music has been popular in Africa since the early 1980s due to widespread American influence. ... Songo-salsa is a style of music that blends Spanish rapping and hip hop beats with salsa music and songo. ... The National Geographic Society was founded in the USA on January 27, 1888, by 33 men interested in organizing a society for the increase and diffusion of geographical knowledge. ...

Although some non-American rappers may still relate with young black Americans, hip hop now transcends its original culture, and is appealing because it is “custom-made to combat the anomie that preys on adolescents wherever nobody knows their name.”^[27] Hip hop is attractive in its ability to give a voice to disenfranchised youth in any country, and as music with a message it is a form available to all societies worldwide.

Even in the face of growing global popularity, or perhaps because of it, hip hop has come under fire for being too commercial, too commodified, too much about money and bling-bling. Artist Nas said it himself in his 2006 album Hip Hop is Dead. While this of course stirs up controversy, a documentary called The Commodification of Hip Hop directed by Brooke Daniel interviews students at Satellite Academy in New York City. One girl talks about the epidemic of crime that she sees in urban black and Latino communities, relating it directly to the hip hop industry saying “When they can’t afford these kind of things, these things that celebrities have like jewelry and clothes and all that, they’ll go and sell drugs, some people will steal it…”^[28] Many students see this as a negative side effect of the hip hop industry, and indeed, hip hop has been criticized all over the world for spreading crime, violence, and American ideals of consumerism. A bling bling-heavy album cover from The B.G. For the Marvel Comics character, see Bling (comics). ... -1... Hip Hop Is Dead is a 2006 album by American hip-hop artist Nas that was released on December 19, 2006. ...

In an article for Village Voice, Greg Tate argues that the commercialization of hip hop is a negative and pervasive phenomenon, writing that "what we call hiphop is now inseparable from what we call the hiphop industry, in which the nouveau riche and the super-rich employers get richer" ^[29]. Ironically, this commercialization coincides with a decline in rap sales and pressure from critics of the genre ^[30]. However, in his book In Search Of Africa, Manthia Diawara explains that hip hop is really a voice of people who are down and out in modern society. He argues that the “worldwide spread of hip-hop as a market revolution” is actually global "expression of poor people’s desire for the good life,” and that this struggle aligns with “the nationalist struggle for citizenship and belonging, but also reveals the need to go beyond such struggles and celebrate the redemption of the black individual through tradition.” ^[31]

This connection to "tradition" however, is something that may be lacking according to one Satellite Academy staff member who says that in all of the focus on materialism, the hip hop community is “not leaving anything for the next generation, we’re not building.”^[32]

As the hip hop genre turns 30, a stronger analysis of the music’s impact has taken place. It has been viewed as a cultural sensation which changed the music industry around the world, but its commercialization has turned many to see the negative aspects of hip hop; the marriage of “New World African ingenuity and that trick of the devil known as global-hypercapitalism.” ^[33] Its transformation from a cultural expression into a value of money has turned it into a “mainstream that had once excluded its originators.” ^[34] While this has been seen to be true in many ways, hip hop has allowed for a shared common identity among its followers and originators. These different aspects of analyzing hip hop’s influence expose the dangers of popular music and mass production of cultural output.

Global impact

From its early spread to Europe and Japan to an almost worldwide acceptance through Asia and South American countries such as Brazil, the musical influence has been global. Hip hop sounds and styles differ from region to region, but there is also a lot of crossbreeding. In each separate hip hop scene there is also constant struggle between “old school” hip hop and more localized, newer sounds.^[35] Regardless of where it is found, the music often targets local disaffected youth.^[36] European hip hop is hip hop music created by European musicians. ... Asian Hip Hop is a heterogeneous musical genre that covers all hip hop music as recorded and produced by artists of Asian origin. ...

Hip hop has given people a voice to express themselves, from the "Bronx to Beirut, Kazakhstan to Cali, Hokkaido to Harare, Hip Hop is the new sound of a disaffected global youth culture."^[37] Though on the global scale there is a heavy influence from US culture, different cultures worldwide have transformed hip hop with their own traditions and beliefs. “Global Hip Hop succeeds best when it showcases...cultures that reside outside the main arteries of the African Diaspora.”^[38] Not all countries have embraced hip hop, where, “as can be expected in countries with strong local culture, the interloping wildstyle of hip hop is not always welcomed.”^[39]

As hip hop becomes globally-available, it is not a one-sided process that eradicates local cultures. Instead, global hip hop styles are often synthesized with local styles. Hartwig Vens argues that hip hop can also be viewed as a global learning experience. ^[40] Hip hop from countries outside the United States is often labelled "world music" for the American consumer. Author Jeff Chang argues that Èthe essence of hip-hop is the cipher, born in the Bronx, where competition and community feed each other."^[41] World music is, most generally, all the music in the world. ... Jeff Chang is an American journalist and music critic on hip-hop music and culture. ...

Hip-hop has impacted many different countries culturally and socially in positive ways. "Thousands of organizers from Cape Town to Paris use hip-hop in their communities to address environmental justice, policing and prisons, media justice, and education."^[42] Also, "young people in places as disparate as Chile, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Norway use hip-hop to push their generation's views into the local conversation."^[43]

While hip-hop music has been criticized as a music which creates a divide between western music and music from the rest of the world, a musical "cross pollination" has taken place, which strengthens the power of hip-hop to influence different communities. ^[44]Hip hop's impact as a "world music" is also due to its translatability among different cultures in the world. Hip hop's messages allow the under-privileged and the mistreated to be heard.^[45] These cultural translations cross borders.^[46] While the music may be from a foreign country, the message is something that many people can relate to- something not "foreign" at all.^[47]

Even when hip-hop is transplanted to other countries, it often retains its "vital progressive agenda that challenges the status quo." ^[48] Global hip hop is the meeting ground for progressive local activism, as many organizers use hip-hop in their communities to address environmental injustice, policing and prisons, media justice, and education. In Gothenburg, Sweden, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) incorporate graffiti and dance to engage disaffected immigrant and working class youths. And indigenous young people in places as disparate as Chile, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Norway use hip-hop to push their generation's views into local conversation. ^[49]

See also

Hip hop Portal

Image File history File links Crystal_128_arts. ...

Elements

• Rap Music
• Hip hop culture
• Hip hop music
• Hip hop production
• Hip hop dance
• Hip hop fashion
• Hip hop theatre
• Hip-hop magazines
• 2007 in hip hop
• Dancehall
• Reggaetón
• Rhythm
• Beats (music)
• Universal Hip Hop Parade
• National Hip Hop Political Convention

Rap redirects here. ... Hip hop is a subculture, which is said to have begun with the work of DJ Kool Herc, Grandmaster Flash & the Furious Five, and Afrika Bambaattaa. ... Hip hop music is a style of music which came into existence in the United States during the mid-1970s, and became a large part of modern pop culture during the 1980s. ... Hip hop production is the creation of hip hop music. ... Hip hop dance refers to dance styles, mainly street dance styles, primarily danced to hip hop music, or that have evolved as a part of the hip hop culture. ... Faada Freddy of the Senegalese rap crew Daara J in Germany, 2005. ... Hip Hop Theatre is a sub-genre of Hip-Hopera that came to the American stage in the late 20th century. ... 2007, the year in hop hip. ... Dancehall is a type of Jamaican popular music which developed around the late 70s, with exponents such as Yellowman and Shabba Ranks. ... Daddy Yankee, a reggaeton artist. ... For other uses, see Rhythm (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The Universal Hip Hop Parade (UHHP) is an annual family-friendly non-profit educational and cultural event held in the historically Black neighbourhood of Bedford Stuyvesant Brooklyn on the Saturday before the anniversary of Marcus Garveys August 17th birthday to bring to mind that Marcus Garvey himself also used... The National Hip Hop Political Convention (NHHPC) is a political organization founded in 2003 and operating in 20 states throughout the United States working on issues facing the hip hop generation. ...

Musical subgenres

• Abstract hip hop
• Alternative hip hop
• Australian hip hop
• Bass music
• Beatboxing
• Christian hip hop
• Conscious hip hop
• Country rap
• Crunk
• Dirty rap
• Dirty South
• East Coast hip hop
• Emo rap
• gangsta rap
• Ghetto house
• Hardcore hip hop
• Hip pop
• Indie hip hop
• Jazz rap
• Nerdcore hiphop
• Old school hip hop
• Rap
• Rap rock
• Reggaeton
• Southern hip hop
• West Coast hip hop

Abstract hip hop is a subgenre of alternative hip hop that differs from other hip hop music largely in the content of the lyrics. ... Alternative hip hop (also known as alternative rap) is a genre that is defined in greatly varying ways. ... Australian hip hop music began in the early 1980s, primarily influenced by hip hop music and culture imported via radio and television from the United States of America. ... Miami bass (booty bass, bass music) is a form of music known for deep, throbbing beats, hyperkinetic rhythms and, often, sexually explicit lyrics. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Christian hip hop (originally Gospel rap, also known as holy hip hop or Christ hop) is a form of hip hop music which uses Christian themes to express the songwriters faith. ... Conscious hip hop is a subgenre of alternative hip hop which focuses on social issues. ... Country-rap is the fusion of country music with hip hop music. ... For other uses, see Crunk (disambiguation). ... Dirty rap, also known as booty rap or sex rap, is a subgenre of hip hop music that contains lyrical content revolving mainly around sex and sexual subjects. ... For other uses of the term Dirty South, see The Dirty South Dirty South is a style of rap music that popped up in the latter half of the 1990s and is based in southern cities and states such as Memphis, Nashville, New Orleans, Atlanta, Miami or South Florida, Mississippi... East Coast hip hop is a style of hip hop music that originated in New York City during the early-1970s. ... Emo rap (also known as emo hip-hop[1] and hipster hop[2]) is a term typically used to describe hip hop music with emotional lyrical content comparable to that of emo music. ... For the Ice T album, see Gangsta Rap (album). ... Ghetto house, booty house or Juke house is a type of Chicago House which started being recognised in its own right from around 1992 onwards. ... Hardcore hip hop is a form of hip hop music characterized by confrontation and aggression in its subject matter, heavy beats, raw sampling and production, or any combination thereof. ... Gangsta rap, also known as hardcore hip-hop, was the name given to the subgenre of hip hop which involves a lyrical focus on the lifestyle of street thugs and gangsters. ... Indie hip hop or Indy hip hop (short for independent hip hop) is hip hop music that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene. ... Jazz rap is a fusion of alternative hip hop music and jazz, developed in the very late 1980s and early 1990s. ... Nerdcore hiphop may refer to: Nerdcore hip hop, a musical genre Nerdcore Hiphop, a demo album by MC Frontalot, as well as a song on that album This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Old school hip hop is a term used to describe the very earliest hip hop music to come out of the block parties of New York City in the 1970s and 1980s. ... RAP may mean: the IATA airport code for Rapid City Regional Airport Rassemblement pour lalternative progressiste, a Québecois political party. ... Rap rock is a hybrid of rap and rock music. ... Reggaeton (also spelled Reggaetón, and known as Reguetón and Reggaetón in Spanish) is a form of urban music which became popular with Latin American youth during the early 1990s and spread over the course of 10 years to North American, European, Asian, and Australian audiences. ... Dirty south redirects here. ... West Coast hip hop, also known as West Coast rap or California hip hop, is a style of hip hop music that originated in California in the early 1980s. ...

References

Jennifer 8. ...

Further reading

• Wunderlich, Annelise. "Cuban Hip-hop: Making Space for New Voices of Dissent." In The Vinyl Ain’t Final: Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture, ed. by Dipannita Basu and Sidney J. Lemelle, 167-79. London; Ann Arbor, MI: Pluto Press, 2006.
• Sellin’ Out: An Essay on Commercial Hip Hop by Amrita Singh
• The "Death" of Hip-Hop by David Drake
• Theses on Hip-Hop by the Democracy and Hip-Hop Project
• The Globalization of Hip-Hop Culture by Eric Richardson
• Don't blame hip-hop for society's sexism by Cousin Jeff
• Hip-Hop Divided by Andy Carrington