Amyl alcohol is an organic compound with the formula C₅H₁₁OH. All eight isomers of amyl alcohol are known: Benzene is the simplest of the arenes, a family of organic compounds An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of chemical bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently (analogous to a chemical anagram). ... Amyl is a linguistic root word derived from the Latin amylum, from Greek αμυλον, meaning starch. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Isomers of amyl alcohol

name	formula	alcohol structure	IUPAC Name
normal amyl alcohol		primary	1-pentanol
isobutyl carbinol or isoamyl alcohol or isopentyl alcohol		primary	3-methyl-1-butanol
active amyl alcohol		primary	2-methyl-1-butanol
tertiary butyl carbinol or neopentyl alcohol		primary	2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol
diethyl carbinol		secondary	3-pentanol
methyl (n) propyl carbinol		secondary	2-pentanol
methyl isopropyl carbinol		secondary	3-methyl-2-butanol
dimethyl ethyl carbinol or tertiary amyl alcohol		tertiary	2-methyl-2-butanol

Three of these alcohols, active amyl alcohol, methyl (n) propyl carbinol, and methyl isopropyl carbinol, are optically active, as they contain an asymmetric carbon atom. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... There are millions of possible objects that can be described in science, too many to create common names for every one. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 183 pixels Full resolution (1100 × 251 pixel, file size: 11 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Amyl alcohol 1-Pentanol ... 1-Pentanol, (or n-pentanol, pentan-1-ol), is an alcohol with five carbon atoms and the molecular formula C5H11OH. 1-Pentanol is colorless liquid with an unpleasant aroma. ... Optical isomerism is a form of isomerism (specifically stereoisomerism) where the two different isomers are the same in every way except being non-superposable mirror images of each other. ...

The most important is isobutyl carbinol, this being the chief constituent of fermentation amyl alcohol, and consequently a constituent of fusel oil. It can be separated from fusel oil by shaking with strong brine solution, separating the oily layer from the brine layer and distilling it, the portion boiling between 125 and 140 °C. being collected. For further purification it may be shaken with hot lime water, the oily layer separated, dried with calcium chloride and fractionated, the fraction boiling between 128 and 132 °C only being collected. It may be synthesized from isobutanol by conversion into isovaleraldehyde, which is subsequently reduced to isobutyl carbinol by means of sodium amalgam. Fusel alcohols, also sometimes called fusel oils, are higher order (more than two carbons) alcohols formed by fermentation and present in cider, mead, beer, wine, and spirits to varying degrees. ... For the sports equipment manufacturer, see Brine, Corp. ... Laboratory distillation set-up: 1: Heat source 2: Still pot 3: Still head 4: Thermometer/Boiling point temperature 5: Condenser 6: Cooling water in 7: Cooling water out 8: Distillate/receiving flask 9: Vacuum/gas inlet 10: Still receiver 11: Heat control 12: Stirrer speed control 13: Stirrer/heat plate... Lime water or milk of lime is the common name for saturated calcium hydroxide solution. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , Related Compounds Other anions calcium fluoride calcium bromide calcium iodide Other cations magnesium chloride strontium chloride Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Isobutanol (IUPAC nomenclature: 2-methyl-1-propanol; also known as 2-methylpropyl alcohol, among other names) is a colorless, flamable, organic compound with a characteristical smell. ... In chemistry, sodium amalgam is an amalgam, or alloy of mercury, with sodium metal. ...

It is a colourless liquid of density 0.8247 g/cm³ (0 °C), boiling at 131.6 °C, slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in organic solvents. It possesses a characteristic strong smell and a sharp burning taste. When pure, it is nontoxic, while the impure product is toxic. On passing its vapour through a red-hot tube, it decomposes with production of acetylene, ethylene, propylene, and other compounds. It is oxidized by chromic acid to isovaleraldehyde, and it forms crystalline addition compounds with calcium chloride and tin(IV) chloride. Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is a hydrocarbon belonging to the group of alkynes. ... Ethylene (or IUPAC name ethene) is the chemical compound with the formula C2H4. ... Propylene, also known by its IUPAC name propene, is an organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... In chemistry, chromic acid is a chromium (Cr) compound, yet to be isolated, with the formula H2CrO4. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , Related Compounds Other anions calcium fluoride calcium bromide calcium iodide Other cations magnesium chloride strontium chloride Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride is a chemical compound with the formula SnCl4. ...

The other amyl alcohols may be obtained synthetically. Of these, tertiary butyl carbinol has been the most difficult to obtain, its synthesis having first been reported in 1891, by L. Tissier (Comptes Rendus, 1891, 112, p. 1065) by the reduction of a mixture of trimethyl acetic acid and trimethylacetyl chloride with sodium amalgam. It is a solid that melts at 48 to 50 °C and boils at 112.3 °C. Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.

Encyclopædia Britannica, the eleventh edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

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